aicher
French
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ɛ.ʃe/ ~ /e.ʃe/
Audio: (file)
Verb
aicher
- alternative form of escher
Conjugation
Conjugation of aicher (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| infinitive | simple | aicher | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | aichant /ɛ.ʃɑ̃/ or /e.ʃɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | aiché /ɛ.ʃe/ or /e.ʃe/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | aiche /ɛʃ/ |
aiches /ɛʃ/ |
aiche /ɛʃ/ |
aichons /ɛ.ʃɔ̃/ or /e.ʃɔ̃/ |
aichez /ɛ.ʃe/ or /e.ʃe/ |
aichent /ɛʃ/ |
| imperfect | aichais /ɛ.ʃɛ/ or /e.ʃɛ/ |
aichais /ɛ.ʃɛ/ or /e.ʃɛ/ |
aichait /ɛ.ʃɛ/ or /e.ʃɛ/ |
aichions /ɛ.ʃjɔ̃/ or /e.ʃjɔ̃/ |
aichiez /ɛ.ʃje/ or /e.ʃje/ |
aichaient /ɛ.ʃɛ/ or /e.ʃɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | aichai /ɛ.ʃe/ or /e.ʃe/ |
aichas /ɛ.ʃa/ or /e.ʃa/ |
aicha /ɛ.ʃa/ or /e.ʃa/ |
aichâmes /ɛ.ʃam/ or /e.ʃam/ |
aichâtes /ɛ.ʃat/ or /e.ʃat/ |
aichèrent /ɛ.ʃɛʁ/ or /e.ʃɛʁ/ | |
| future | aicherai /ɛʃ.ʁe/ |
aicheras /ɛʃ.ʁa/ |
aichera /ɛʃ.ʁa/ |
aicherons /ɛʃ.ʁɔ̃/ |
aicherez /ɛʃ.ʁe/ |
aicheront /ɛʃ.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | aicherais /ɛʃ.ʁɛ/ |
aicherais /ɛʃ.ʁɛ/ |
aicherait /ɛʃ.ʁɛ/ |
aicherions /ɛ.ʃə.ʁjɔ̃/ or /e.ʃə.ʁjɔ̃/ |
aicheriez /ɛ.ʃə.ʁje/ or /e.ʃə.ʁje/ |
aicheraient /ɛʃ.ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | aiche /ɛʃ/ |
aiches /ɛʃ/ |
aiche /ɛʃ/ |
aichions /ɛ.ʃjɔ̃/ or /e.ʃjɔ̃/ |
aichiez /ɛ.ʃje/ or /e.ʃje/ |
aichent /ɛʃ/ |
| imperfect2 | aichasse /ɛ.ʃas/ or /e.ʃas/ |
aichasses /ɛ.ʃas/ or /e.ʃas/ |
aichât /ɛ.ʃa/ or /e.ʃa/ |
aichassions /ɛ.ʃa.sjɔ̃/ or /e.ʃa.sjɔ̃/ |
aichassiez /ɛ.ʃa.sje/ or /e.ʃa.sje/ |
aichassent /ɛ.ʃas/ or /e.ʃas/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | aiche /ɛʃ/ |
— | aichons /ɛ.ʃɔ̃/ or /e.ʃɔ̃/ |
aichez /ɛ.ʃe/ or /e.ʃe/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Old Irish
Alternative forms
Etymology
Borrowing from Latin ācer, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eḱrós, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eḱ-.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈaxʲer/
Adjective
aicher
Declension
| singular | masculine | feminine | neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | aicher | aicher | aicher |
| vocative | aichir* aicher** | ||
| accusative | aicher | aichir | |
| genitive | aichir | aichre | aichir |
| dative | aichiur | aichir | aichiur |
| plural | masculine | feminine/neuter | |
| nominative | aichir | aichrea | |
| vocative | aichriu aichrea† | ||
| accusative | aichriu aichrea† | ||
| genitive | aicher | ||
| dative | aichrib | ||
*modifying a noun whose vocative is different from its nominative
**modifying a noun whose vocative is identical to its nominative
† not when substantivized
Quotations
- Verses in the St Gall Priscian
- Is acher in gaíth innocht fu·fuasna fairggæ findḟolt
ni ágor réimm mora minn dond láechraid lainn ua Lothlind.- Bitter is the wind to-night: it tosses the ocean’s white hair:
I fear not the coursing of a clear sea by the fierce heroes from Scandinavia.
- Bitter is the wind to-night: it tosses the ocean’s white hair:
Descendants
- Irish: aichear
Mutation
| radical | lenition | nasalization |
|---|---|---|
| aicher (pronounced with /h/ in h-prothesis environments) |
aicher | n-aicher |
Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.
Further reading
- Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “aicher”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
Scots
Alternative forms
Etymology
From Middle Scots echer, from Northumbrian Old English æhher, from Proto-Germanic *ahaz (“ear (of grain)”). Cognate with English ear.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈexər/
Noun
aicher (plural aichers)
Derived terms
References
- “aicher, n.”, in The Dictionary of the Scots Language, Edinburgh: Scottish Language Dictionaries, 2004–present, →OCLC.
- Eagle, Andy, editor (2025), “aicher”, in The Online Scots Dictionary[1]