autumnus
Latin
Alternative forms
Etymology
From earlier auctumnus, of unclear ultimate origin:
- From Proto-Indo-European *h₃ewǵ- (“cold”) (compare Old Irish úacht, Lithuanian áušti (“to cool off”), Old Armenian ոյծ (oyc)).
- Borrowed from an Etruscan word, like Etruscan 𐌀𐌕𐌖𐌍𐌄 (atune, “autumn”).[1][2]
- From Proto-Indo-European *h₂sews- (“dry”), as in "drying up season."[3]
Possibly influenced by auctus (“enriched, enlarged, ample”).
Pronunciation
- (Classical Latin) IPA(key): [au̯ˈtʊm.nʊs]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): [au̯ˈt̪um.nus]
Noun
autumnus m (genitive autumnī); second declension
Declension
Second-declension noun.
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | autumnus | autumnī |
| genitive | autumnī | autumnōrum |
| dative | autumnō | autumnīs |
| accusative | autumnum | autumnōs |
| ablative | autumnō | autumnīs |
| vocative | autumne | autumnī |
Adjective
autumnus (feminine autumna, neuter autumnum); first/second-declension adjective
Declension
First/second-declension adjective.
| singular | plural | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | feminine | neuter | masculine | feminine | neuter | ||
| nominative | autumnus | autumna | autumnum | autumnī | autumnae | autumna | |
| genitive | autumnī | autumnae | autumnī | autumnōrum | autumnārum | autumnōrum | |
| dative | autumnō | autumnae | autumnō | autumnīs | |||
| accusative | autumnum | autumnam | autumnum | autumnōs | autumnās | autumna | |
| ablative | autumnō | autumnā | autumnō | autumnīs | |||
| vocative | autumne | autumna | autumnum | autumnī | autumnae | autumna | |
Descendants
Several are learned.
- Balkan Romance:
- Dalmatian:
- Italo-Romance:
- North Italian:
- Rhaeto-Romance:
- Gallo-Romance:
- Occitano-Romance:
- Ibero-Romance:
- Insular Romance:
- Sardinian: atonnu, atognu, atongiu, atonzu
- Borrowings:
References
- ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “autumnus”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 64
- ^ Roberts, Edward A. (2014) A Comprehensive Etymological Dictionary of the Spanish Language with Families of Words based on Indo-European Roots, Xlibris Corporation, →ISBN
- ^ Tucker, T.G., Etymological Dictionary of Latin, Ares Publishers, 1976 (reprint of 1931 edition).
Further reading
- “autumnus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- "autumnus", in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)