calquer
English
Etymology
Noun
calquer (plural calquers)
- One who calques.
- 2002, Manfred Görlach, Still More Englishes, page 144:
- This term became popular from the late 1960s onwards, languages being neatly divided between borrowers and calquers.
Anagrams
French
Etymology
Borrowed from Italian calcare, from Latin calcāre.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /kal.ke/
Audio: (file)
Verb
calquer
- to model, to imitate, to copy
- to trace, to copy onto a sheet of paper superimposed over the original, by drawing over its lines
Conjugation
Conjugation of calquer (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| infinitive | simple | calquer | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | calquant /kal.kɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | calqué /kal.ke/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | calque /kalk/ |
calques /kalk/ |
calque /kalk/ |
calquons /kal.kɔ̃/ |
calquez /kal.ke/ |
calquent /kalk/ |
| imperfect | calquais /kal.kɛ/ |
calquais /kal.kɛ/ |
calquait /kal.kɛ/ |
calquions /kal.kjɔ̃/ |
calquiez /kal.kje/ |
calquaient /kal.kɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | calquai /kal.ke/ |
calquas /kal.ka/ |
calqua /kal.ka/ |
calquâmes /kal.kam/ |
calquâtes /kal.kat/ |
calquèrent /kal.kɛʁ/ | |
| future | calquerai /kal.kə.ʁe/ |
calqueras /kal.kə.ʁa/ |
calquera /kal.kə.ʁa/ |
calquerons /kal.kə.ʁɔ̃/ |
calquerez /kal.kə.ʁe/ |
calqueront /kal.kə.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | calquerais /kal.kə.ʁɛ/ |
calquerais /kal.kə.ʁɛ/ |
calquerait /kal.kə.ʁɛ/ |
calquerions /kal.kə.ʁjɔ̃/ |
calqueriez /kal.kə.ʁje/ |
calqueraient /kal.kə.ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | calque /kalk/ |
calques /kalk/ |
calque /kalk/ |
calquions /kal.kjɔ̃/ |
calquiez /kal.kje/ |
calquent /kalk/ |
| imperfect2 | calquasse /kal.kas/ |
calquasses /kal.kas/ |
calquât /kal.ka/ |
calquassions /kal.ka.sjɔ̃/ |
calquassiez /kal.ka.sje/ |
calquassent /kal.kas/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | calque /kalk/ |
— | calquons /kal.kɔ̃/ |
calquez /kal.ke/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Derived terms
Further reading
- “calquer”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.