crúaid

Old Irish

Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *kroudis, from Proto-Indo-European *krewh₂-.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [kruəðʲ]

Adjective

crúaid

  1. hard

Declension

i-stem
singular masculine feminine neuter
nominative crúaid crúaid crúaid
vocative crúaid
accusative crúaid crúaid
genitive crúaid crúaide crúaid
dative crúaid crúaid crúaid
plural masculine feminine/neuter
nominative crúaidi crúaidi
vocative crúaidi
accusative crúaidi
genitive crúaid*
crúaide
dative crúaidib

*not when substantivized

Descendants

  • Irish: crua
  • Manx: creoi
  • Scottish Gaelic: cruaidh
  • ⇒ Middle Irish: crúaide

Mutation

Mutation of crúaid
radical lenition nasalization
crúaid chrúaid crúaid
pronounced with /ɡ-/

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Further reading

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