cruthaigh

Irish

Alternative forms

crothuigh, crothaigh, cruthuigh (obsolete)^[1]

Etymology

From Old Irish cruthaigidir.^[2] By surface analysis, cruth +‎ -igh.

Pronunciation

(Connacht) IPA^(key): /ˈkɾˠuhə/^[3]; (Cois Fharraige) /ˈkɾˠuː/^[4]; (Mayo) /ˈkɾˠufˠiː/^[5]
(Ulster) IPA^(key): /ˈkɾˠuhi(ː)/^[6]

Verb

cruthaigh (present analytic cruthaíonn, future analytic cruthóidh, verbal noun cruthú, past participle cruthaithe)

to form, create
to prove

Conjugation

conjugation of cruthaigh (second conjugation)

tense	singular			plural			relative	autonomous
verbal noun	cruthú
past participle	cruthaithe
tense	first	second	third	first	second	third	relative	autonomous
indicative
present	cruthaím	cruthaíonn tú; cruthaír^†	cruthaíonn sé, sí	cruthaímid; cruthaíonn muid	cruthaíonn sibh	cruthaíonn siad; cruthaíd^†	a chruthaíonn; a chruthaíos / a gcruthaíonn*	cruthaítear
past	chruthaigh mé; chruthaíos	chruthaigh tú; chruthaís	chruthaigh sé, sí	chruthaíomar; chruthaigh muid	chruthaigh sibh; chruthaíobhair	chruthaigh siad; chruthaíodar	a chruthaigh / ar chruthaigh*	cruthaíodh
past habitual	chruthaínn / gcruthaínn‡‡	chruthaíteá / gcruthaíteá‡‡	chruthaíodh sé, sí / gcruthaíodh sé, sí‡‡	chruthaímis; chruthaíodh muid / gcruthaímis‡‡; gcruthaíodh muid‡‡	chruthaíodh sibh / gcruthaíodh sibh‡‡	chruthaídís; chruthaíodh siad / gcruthaídís‡‡; gcruthaíodh siad‡‡	a chruthaíodh / a gcruthaíodh*	chruthaítí / gcruthaítí‡‡
future	cruthóidh mé; cruthód; cruthóchaidh mé^†	cruthóidh tú; cruthóir^†; cruthóchaidh tú^†	cruthóidh sé, sí; cruthóchaidh sé, sí^†	cruthóimid; cruthóidh muid; cruthóchaimid^†; cruthóchaidh muid^†	cruthóidh sibh; cruthóchaidh sibh^†	cruthóidh siad; cruthóid^†; cruthóchaidh siad^†	a chruthóidh; a chruthós; a chruthóchaidh^†; a chruthóchas^† / a gcruthóidh; a gcruthóchaidh^†	cruthófar; cruthóchar^†
conditional	chruthóinn; chruthóchainn^† / gcruthóinn‡‡; gcruthóchainn^†‡‡	chruthófá; chruthóchthá^† / gcruthófá‡‡; gcruthóchthá^†‡‡	chruthódh sé, sí; chruthóchadh sé, sí^† / gcruthódh sé, sí‡‡; gcruthóchadh sé, sí^†‡‡	chruthóimis; chruthódh muid; chruthóchaimis^†; chruthóchadh muid^† / gcruthóimis‡‡; gcruthódh muid‡‡; gcruthóchaimis^†‡‡; gcruthóchadh muid^†‡‡	chruthódh sibh; chruthóchadh sibh^† / gcruthódh sibh‡‡; gcruthóchadh sibh^†‡‡	chruthóidís; chruthódh siad; chruthóchadh siad^† / gcruthóidís‡‡; gcruthódh siad‡‡; gcruthóchadh siad^†‡‡	a chruthódh; a chruthóchadh^† / a gcruthódh; a gcruthóchadh^†	chruthófaí; chruthóchthaí^† / gcruthófaí‡‡; gcruthóchthaí^†‡‡
subjunctive
present	go gcruthaí mé; go gcruthaíod^†	go gcruthaí tú; go gcruthaír^†	go gcruthaí sé, sí	go gcruthaímid; go gcruthaí muid	go gcruthaí sibh	go gcruthaí siad; go gcruthaíd^†	—	go gcruthaítear
past	dá gcruthaínn	dá gcruthaíteá	dá gcruthaíodh sé, sí	dá gcruthaímis; dá gcruthaíodh muid	dá gcruthaíodh sibh	dá gcruthaídís; dá gcruthaíodh siad	—	dá gcruthaítí
imperative
–	cruthaím	cruthaigh	cruthaíodh sé, sí	cruthaímis	cruthaígí; cruthaídh^†	cruthaídís	—	cruthaítear

* indirect relative
† archaic or dialect form
‡‡ dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis

Derived terms

cruthaitheoir

Mutation

Mutated forms of *cruthaigh*
radical	lenition	eclipsis
cruthaigh	chruthaigh	gcruthaigh

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

^ “cruthaigh”, in Historical Irish Corpus, 1600–1926, Royal Irish Academy
^ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “cruthaigidir”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
^ Ó Máille, T. S. (1974) Liosta Focal as Ros Muc [Word List from Rosmuck] (in Irish), Baile Átha Cliath [Dublin]: Irish University Press, →ISBN, page 61
^ de Bhaldraithe, Tomás (1977) Gaeilge Chois Fhairrge: An Deilbhíocht [The Irish of Cois Fharraige: Accidence] (in Irish), 2nd edition, Institiúid Ard-Léinn Bhaile Átha Cliath [Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies], § 158 (d), page 65
^ Mhac an Fhailigh, Éamonn (1968) The Irish of Erris, Co. Mayo: A Phonemic Study, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, section 398, page 156
^ Hamilton, John Noel (1974) A Phonetic Study of the Irish of Tory Island, Co. Donegal (Studies in Irish Language and Literature, Department of Celtic, Q.U.B.; vol. 3), Institute of Irish Studies, The Queen’s University Belfast, page 263