drefan

Old English

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *drōbijan, from Proto-Germanic *drōbijaną (“to disturb”); equivalent to drōf +‎ -an. Cognate with Old Saxon drōƀjan, Old Dutch druoven (Dutch droeven), Old High German truoben (German trüben), Gothic 𐌳𐍂𐍉𐌱𐌾𐌰𐌽 (drōbjan).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈdreː.fɑn/, [ˈdreː.vɑn]

Verb

drēfan

  1. to stir up, agitate, move
  2. to trouble, disturb, afflict
    • The Anglo-Saxon version of the story of Apollonius of Tyre
      Đā ġewearþ hit þæt þǣs mǣdenes fōstormōdor intō þām būre ēode, ⁊ ġesēah hī ðār sittan on miċelre ġedrefednesse, ⁊ hire cwæð tō, "Hwiġ eart þū hlæfdiġe swā ġedrefedes mōdes?"
      It happened that the girl's foster mother came into the room and saw her sitting full of confusion, and said to her "Lady, why are you so troubled of mind?."

Conjugation

Conjugation of drēfan (weak, class 1)
infinitive drēfan drēfenne
indicative mood present tense past tense
first person singular drēfe drēfde
second person singular drēfest, drēfst drēfdest
third person singular drēfeþ, drēfþ drēfde
plural drēfaþ drēfdon
subjunctive present tense past tense
singular drēfe drēfde
plural drēfen drēfden
imperative
singular drēf
plural drēfaþ
participle present past
drēfende (ġe)drēfed

Descendants

  • Middle English: dreven
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