dugan
Gothic
Romanization
dugan
- romanization of 𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌰𐌽
Old Dutch
Etymology
From Proto-West Germanic *dugan.
Verb
dugan
- to have value
Inflection
Conjugation of dugan (preterite-present)
| infinitive | dugan | |
|---|---|---|
| indicative | present | past |
| 1st person singular | dōg | dohta |
| 2nd person singular | dōht | dohtos |
| 3rd person singular | dōg | dohta |
| 1st person plural | dugon | dohton |
| 2nd person plural | dugot | dohtot |
| 3rd person plural | dugon | dohton |
| subjunctive | present | past |
| 1st person singular | dugi | duhti |
| 2nd person singular | dugis | duhtis |
| 3rd person singular | dugi | duhti |
| 1st person plural | dugin | duhtin |
| 2nd person plural | dugit | duhtit |
| 3rd person plural | dugin | duhtin |
| imperative | present | |
| singular | - | |
| plural | - | |
| participle | present | past |
| dugandi | gidoht | |
Descendants
Further reading
- “dugan”, in Oudnederlands Woordenboek, 2012
Old English
Etymology
From Proto-West Germanic *dugan, from Proto-Germanic *duganą.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈdu.ɡɑn/, [ˈdu.ɣɑn]
Verb
dugan
- to avail, to be of use, to serve
- þonne his ellen dēah ― when his valour avails
- to be fit or strong
- to be good, for a purpose
- Leech Book, Leech Book, Volume II, xxxiv.
- Wiþ latre meltunge. Olisatrum hātte wyrt sēo dēah tō drincanne.
- For late digestion; a wort hight olusatrum, which is good to drink.
- Leech Book, Leech Book, Volume I, Fiveleaf, or Cinquefoil. III.
- Wiþ ǣlces dæġes mannes tȳddernysse inneweardes, nime þonne weġbrǣdan, dō on wīn and sūp þ wōs and et þā weġbrǣdan; ðonne dēah hit wið ǣġhwylcre innancundre unhǣlo.
- For every days tenderness of a man inwardly, let him take then waybread, put it in wine, and sip the juice and eat the waybread; then it is good for any inward unheal (infirmity).
- Leech Book, Leech Book, Volume II, xxxiv.
Conjugation
Conjugation of dugan (preterite-present)
| infinitive | dugan | dugenne |
|---|---|---|
| indicative mood | present tense | past tense |
| first person singular | dēag, dēah | dohte |
| second person singular | dēaht | dohtest |
| third person singular | dēag, dēah | dohte |
| plural | dugon | dohton |
| subjunctive | present tense | past tense |
| singular | dyġe | dohte |
| plural | dyġen | dohten |
| imperative | ||
| singular | dyġe | |
| plural | dugaþ | |
| participle | present | past |
| dugende | — | |
Related terms
Descendants
Old Saxon
Etymology
From Proto-West Germanic *dugan. Cognate with Old English dugan.
Verb
dugan
Conjugation
Conjugation of dugan (preterite-present)
| infinitive | dugan | |
|---|---|---|
| indicative | present | past |
| 1st person singular | dōh, dōg | dohta |
| 2nd person singular | dōht | dohtes |
| 3rd person singular | dōh, dōg | dohta |
| plural | dugun | dohtun |
| subjunctive | present | past |
| 1st person singular | dugi | dohti |
| 2nd person singular | dugis | dohtis |
| 3rd person singular | dugi | dohti |
| plural | dugin | dohtin |
| imperative | present | |
| singular | — | |
| plural | — | |
| participle | present | past |
| dugandi | — | |
Descendants
- Middle Low German: dōgen
- Low German: dögen
Volapük
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [duˈɡan]
Noun
dugan (nominative plural dugans)
Declension
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | dugan | dugans |
| genitive | dugana | duganas |
| dative | dugane | duganes |
| accusative | dugani | duganis |
| vocative 1 | o dugan! | o dugans! |
| predicative 2 | duganu | duganus |
1 status as a case is disputed
2 in later, non-classical Volapük only