durti

Lithuanian

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *durˀtei (whence also Latvian dur̃t (“to stab, prick”)), traditionally derived from an alternative zero-grade of Proto-Indo-European *der- (“to split, flay”) (whence di̇̀rti (“to flay, peel, flog”) and its ancestor, Proto-Balto-Slavic *dírāˀtei).^[1] However, Derksen is skeptical of this etymology, and separates *durˀtei from *dírāˀtei, leaving the origin of the former open.^[2]

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈdʊr.tʲɪ/

Verb

dùrti (third-person present tense dùria, third-person past tense dū́rė)

to stab, prick
to ache

Inflection

Conjugation of *durti*
		1^st person	2^nd person	3^rd person	1^st person	2^nd person	3^rd person
		singular vienaskaita			plural daugiskaita
		aš	tu	jis/ji	mes	jūs	jie/jos
indicative tiesioginė nuosaka	present esamasis laikas	duriù	duri̇̀	dùria	dùriame, dùriam	dùriate, dùriat	dùria
	past būtasis kartinis laikas	dūriaũ	dūrei̇̃	dū́rė	dū́rėme, dū́rėm	dū́rėte, dū́rėt	dū́rė
	past frequentative būtasis dažninis laikas	dùrdavau	dùrdavai	dùrdavo	dùrdavome, dùrdavom	dùrdavote, dùrdavot	dùrdavo
	future būsimasis laikas	dùrsiu	dùrsi	dur̃s	dùrsime, dùrsim	dùrsite, dùrsit	dur̃s
subjunctive tariamoji nuosaka		dùrčiau	dùrtum	dùrtų	dùrtumėme, dùrtumėm, dùrtume	dùrtumėte, dùrtumėt	dùrtų
imperative liepiamoji nuosaka		—	dùrk, dùrki	tedùria	dùrkime, dùrkim	dùrkite, dùrkit	tedùria

Participles of durti

adjectival (dalyviai)
	active	passive
present	dùriąs, dùriantis	dùriomas
past	dū́ręs	dùrtas
past frequentative	dùrdavęs	—
future	dùrsiąs, dùrsiantis	dùrsimas
participle of necessity	—	dùrtinas

adverbial
special pusdalyvis		dùrdamas
half-participle padalyviai	present	dùriant
	past	dū́rus
	past frequentative	dùrdavus
	future	dùrsiant
manner of action būdinys		durtè, durtinai

Derived terms

prefixed forms of dùrti

atidùrti (“to prick to the bottom”)
išdùrti (“to poke out”)
įdùrti (“to prick”)
nudùrti (“to stab”)
pérdurti (“to pierce”)
pridùrti (“to add; to follow”)
sudùrti (“to join, bind, put together; to collide”)

References

^ Smoczyński, Wojciech (2007) “dùrti”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka litewskiego‎^[1] (in Polish), Vilnius: Uniwersytet Wileński, pages 136-7
^ Derksen, Rick (2015) “durti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 147

[1] Smoczyński, Wojciech (2007) “dùrti”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka litewskiego‎^[1] (in Polish), Vilnius: Uniwersytet Wileński, pages 136-7

[2] Derksen, Rick (2015) “durti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 147

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