dysgu

Welsh

Etymology

From Proto-Brythonic *dɨskɨd, from Latin discō (“I learn”). Cognate to Breton deskiñ and Cornish dyski, from the same origin.

Pronunciation

  • (North Wales) IPA(key): /ˈdəsɡɨ̞/, [ˈdəskɨ̞]
  • (South Wales) IPA(key): /ˈdəsɡi/, [ˈdəski]
  • Audio:(file)
  • Rhymes: -əsɡɨ̞

Verb

dysgu (first-person singular present dysgaf)

  1. to learn
    Dw i ddim yn deall yn iawn achos dw i’n dysgu Cymraeg o hyd.
    I don’t properly understand because I’m still learning Welsh.
  2. (with preposition i) to teach (often replaced by addysgu in modern Welsh)
    Mae Mrs Jones yn dysgu Cymraeg i mi.
    Mrs Jones is teaching me Welsh.

Conjugation

Conjugation (literary)
singular plural impersonal
first second third first second third
present indicative/future dysgaf dysgi dysg dysgwn dysgwch dysgant dysgir
imperfect (indicative/subjunctive)/
conditional 		dysgwn dysgit dysgai dysgem dysgech dysgent dysgid
preterite dysgais dysgaist dysgodd dysgasom dysgasoch dysgasant dysgwyd
pluperfect dysgaswn dysgasit dysgasai dysgasem dysgasech dysgasent dysgasid, dysgesid
present subjunctive dysgwyf dysgych dysgo dysgom dysgoch dysgont dysger
imperative — dysg, dysga dysged dysgwn dysgwch dysgent dysger
verbal noun dysgu
verbal adjectives dysgedig
dysgadwy
Conjugation (colloquial)
inflected
colloquial forms 		singular plural
first second third first second third
future dysga i,
dysgaf i 		dysgi di dysgith o/e/hi,
dysgiff e/hi 		dysgwn ni dysgwch chi dysgan nhw
conditional dysgwn i,
dysgswn i 		dysget ti,
dysgset ti 		dysgai fo/fe/hi,
dysgsai fo/fe/hi 		dysgen ni,
dysgsen ni 		dysgech chi,
dysgsech chi 		dysgen nhw,
dysgsen nhw
preterite dysgais i,
dysges i 		dysgaist ti,
dysgest ti 		dysgodd o/e/hi dysgon ni dysgoch chi dysgon nhw
imperative — dysga — — dysgwch —

Note: All other forms are periphrastic, as usual in colloquial Welsh.

Derived terms

  • dad-ddysgu (“to unlearn”)
  • dysg (“learning”)
  • dysgu ar gof (“to learn by heart, memorise”)
  • dysgwr (“learner”)
  • e-ddysgu (“e-learning”)

Mutation

Mutated forms of dysgu
radical soft nasal aspirate
dysgu ddysgu nysgu unchanged

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

  • R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “dysgu”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
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