dzīsla

See also: dzīslā

Latvian

Etymology

From Proto-Baltic *gīsla, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *gīˀ(s)lāˀ,[1] from Proto-Indo-European *gʷiH- (“bow-string, string”) or *gʷʰíH(s)leh₂. Karulis instead connects the word to Proto-Indo-European *gʷeyh₃- (“to live”).[2]

Cognates

Cognates include Lithuanian gýsla, the second half of Old Prussian pettegislo (“back vein”) (cf. pette (“back”)), Proto-Slavic *gislā, *žila (Russian жи́ла (žíla, “vein, tendon”), Ukrainian жи́ла (žýla), Belarusian жы́ла (žýla), Bulgarian жи́ла (žíla), Czech žíla, Polish żyła), Latin filum (< *gʷʰislom < *gʷiHleh₂) “thread, yarn, fiber, tendon, vein”.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [dzîːsla]
  • Audio:(file)

Noun

dzīsla f (4th declension)

  1. (anatomy) blood vessel (vein, artery)
    asinis rit dzīslās ― blood flows in the veins
    mūsu dzīslas ne jau ūdens silts, / karstas asinis ar sirdi runā ― in our blood vessels not cold water, / but hot blood speaks with the heart
  2. (botany) leaf vein (part of the leaf vascular system or venation)
    viss augs (driģene) pūkains, vainaglapas ar violetām dzīslām ― the whole plant (henbane) is fluffy, with petals with violet veins
    lāpu krāsa kāpostiem pelēki zaļa... lapām lielas dzīslas ― the color of cabbage leaves (is) grayish-green... the leaves (have) large veins
  3. (geology) vein (a rock-filled crack or fissure on the Earth's crust)
    dzīslu ieži ― fissure rock (the kind of rock that fills fissures)
    rūdu dzīslas ― ore veins
    Volīnijā pēdējā laikā atrastas pegmatīta dzīslas ar unikāliem vīna dzelteniem topāza kristāliem ― in Volhynia pegmatite veins with unique wine yellow topaz crystals were recently found
  4. (anatomy) sinew, tendon (fibrous tissue connecting a muscle to its bone)
    es sastiepu kājas dzīslu ― I sprained (my) leg tendon
    zemnieks brīnīdamies staipīja savus neveiklos, sastrādātos pirkstus, dzīslas džerkstēja ar nepatīkam skaņu ― with wonderment, the peasant stretched his clumsy, overworked fingers, (his) tendons producing an unpleasant noise

Usage notes

In the sense of "blood vessel", dzīsla is a non-technical, colloquial word, more likely to be found in emotive or poetic expressions while vēna and artērija are more technical and typical of scientific discourse (like English arteries when compared to veins).

Declension

Declension of dzīsla (4th declension)
singular plural
nominative dzīsla dzīslas
genitive dzīslas dzīslu
dative dzīslai dzīslām
accusative dzīslu dzīslas
instrumental dzīslu dzīslām
locative dzīslā dzīslās
vocative dzīsla dzīslas

Synonyms

Derived terms

References

  1. ^ Derksen, Rick (2008) Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 562
  2. ^ Karulis, Konstantīns (1992) “dzīsla”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca [Latvian Etymological Dictionary]‎[1] (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN
This article is issued from Wiktionary. The text is available under Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.