endurer
English
Etymology
Noun
endurer (plural endurers)
French
Etymology
Inherited from Old French endurer, andurer, from Latin indūrāre. According to the TLFi, it was a borrowing (semi-learned), however it was attested as early as 1050. Doublet of indurer, a later borrowing.
Pronunciation
Verb
endurer
Conjugation
Conjugation of endurer (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| infinitive | simple | endurer | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | endurant /ɑ̃.dy.ʁɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | enduré /ɑ̃.dy.ʁe/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | endure /ɑ̃.dyʁ/ |
endures /ɑ̃.dyʁ/ |
endure /ɑ̃.dyʁ/ |
endurons /ɑ̃.dy.ʁɔ̃/ |
endurez /ɑ̃.dy.ʁe/ |
endurent /ɑ̃.dyʁ/ |
| imperfect | endurais /ɑ̃.dy.ʁɛ/ |
endurais /ɑ̃.dy.ʁɛ/ |
endurait /ɑ̃.dy.ʁɛ/ |
endurions /ɑ̃.dy.ʁjɔ̃/ |
enduriez /ɑ̃.dy.ʁje/ |
enduraient /ɑ̃.dy.ʁɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | endurai /ɑ̃.dy.ʁe/ |
enduras /ɑ̃.dy.ʁa/ |
endura /ɑ̃.dy.ʁa/ |
endurâmes /ɑ̃.dy.ʁam/ |
endurâtes /ɑ̃.dy.ʁat/ |
endurèrent /ɑ̃.dy.ʁɛʁ/ | |
| future | endurerai /ɑ̃.dy.ʁə.ʁe/ |
endureras /ɑ̃.dy.ʁə.ʁa/ |
endurera /ɑ̃.dy.ʁə.ʁa/ |
endurerons /ɑ̃.dy.ʁə.ʁɔ̃/ |
endurerez /ɑ̃.dy.ʁə.ʁe/ |
endureront /ɑ̃.dy.ʁə.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | endurerais /ɑ̃.dy.ʁə.ʁɛ/ |
endurerais /ɑ̃.dy.ʁə.ʁɛ/ |
endurerait /ɑ̃.dy.ʁə.ʁɛ/ |
endurerions /ɑ̃.dy.ʁə.ʁjɔ̃/ |
endureriez /ɑ̃.dy.ʁə.ʁje/ |
endureraient /ɑ̃.dy.ʁə.ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | endure /ɑ̃.dyʁ/ |
endures /ɑ̃.dyʁ/ |
endure /ɑ̃.dyʁ/ |
endurions /ɑ̃.dy.ʁjɔ̃/ |
enduriez /ɑ̃.dy.ʁje/ |
endurent /ɑ̃.dyʁ/ |
| imperfect2 | endurasse /ɑ̃.dy.ʁas/ |
endurasses /ɑ̃.dy.ʁas/ |
endurât /ɑ̃.dy.ʁa/ |
endurassions /ɑ̃.dy.ʁa.sjɔ̃/ |
endurassiez /ɑ̃.dy.ʁa.sje/ |
endurassent /ɑ̃.dy.ʁas/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | endure /ɑ̃.dyʁ/ |
— | endurons /ɑ̃.dy.ʁɔ̃/ |
endurez /ɑ̃.dy.ʁe/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Derived terms
Related terms
Further reading
- “endurer”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Old French
Alternative forms
Etymology
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /endyˈɾeːɾ/
Verb
endurer
- to suffer; to endure; to undergo
- c. 1150, Thomas d'Angleterre, Le Roman de Tristan, Champion Classiques edition, →ISBN, page 90, lines 789–90:
- U li haïr u li amer
m'irt forte paine a endurer- Whether I hate her or I love her
there will be great pain for me to endure.
- Whether I hate her or I love her
Conjugation
This verb conjugates as a first-group verb ending in -er. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.
Conjugation of endurer (see also Appendix:Old French verbs)
| simple | compound | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | endurer | avoir enduré | |||||
| gerund | en endurant | gerund of avoir + past participle | |||||
| present participle | endurant | ||||||
| past participle | enduré | ||||||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | jo | tu | il | nos | vos | il | |
| simple tenses |
present | endur | endures | endure | endurons | endurez | endurent |
| imperfect | enduroie, endureie, enduroe, endureve | enduroies, endureies, enduroes, endureves | enduroit, endureit, endurot, endureve | enduriiens, enduriens | enduriiez, enduriez | enduroient, endureient, enduroent, endurevent | |
| preterite | endurai | enduras | endura | endurames | endurastes | endurerent | |
| future | endurerai | endureras | endurera | endurerons | endureroiz, endurereiz, endurerez | endureront | |
| conditional | endureroie, endurereie | endureroies, endurereies | endureroit, endurereit | endureriiens, endureriens | endureriiez, endureriez | endureroient, endurereient | |
| compound tenses |
present perfect | present tense of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior | preterite tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que jo | que tu | qu’il | que nos | que vos | qu’il | |
| simple tenses |
present | endur | endurs | endurt | endurons | endurez | endurent |
| imperfect | endurasse | endurasses | endurast | endurissons, endurissiens | endurissoiz, endurissez, endurissiez | endurassent | |
| compound tenses |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | tu | – | nos | vos | – | |
| — | endure | — | endurons | endurez | — | ||