extremus

Latin

Etymology

From earlier *extrezmo- < *exterezemo- < *exterisemo-, from Proto-Italic *eksterisemos. Equivalent to exter +‎ -issimus. Same development as postrēmus and suprēmus. Compare with extimus.

Pronunciation

(Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [ɛkˈstreː.mʊs]
(modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [ekˈst̪rɛː.mus]

Adjective

extrēmus (superlative, feminine extrēma, neuter extrēmum); first/second declension

superlative degree of exter
1. situated at the end, edge, or tip
  extrēmus liber ― the end of a book
  
  extrēmī digitī ― one's fingertips
2. occurring at the end (of a period of time), last
  extrēma ōrātiō ― the end of an oration
3. extreme in degree

Declension

First/second-declension adjective.

	masculine	feminine	neuter	masculine	feminine	neuter
	singular			plural
nominative	extrēmus	extrēma	extrēmum	extrēmī	extrēmae	extrēma
genitive	extrēmī	extrēmae	extrēmī	extrēmōrum	extrēmārum	extrēmōrum
dative	extrēmō	extrēmae	extrēmō	extrēmīs
accusative	extrēmum	extrēmam	extrēmum	extrēmōs	extrēmās	extrēma
ablative	extrēmō	extrēmā	extrēmō	extrēmīs
vocative	extrēme	extrēma	extrēmum	extrēmī	extrēmae	extrēma

Derived terms

extrēmitās

Descendants

→ Catalan: extrem
→ English: extreme
→ Middle French: extreme
- French: extrême
  - → Romanian: extrem
→ German: extrem
→ Galician: extremo
→ Italian: estremo, stremo
→ Portuguese: extremo
→ Spanish: extremo
→ Swedish: extrem

Noun

extrēmus m (genitive extrēmī); second declension

rear
end

Declension

Second-declension noun.

	singular	plural
nominative	extrēmus	extrēmī
genitive	extrēmī	extrēmōrum
dative	extrēmō	extrēmīs
accusative	extrēmum	extrēmōs
ablative	extrēmō	extrēmīs
vocative	extrēme	extrēmī

Descendants

→ Catalan: extrem
→ English: extreme
→ Middle French: extreme
- French: extrême
→ Galician: estremo, extremo
→ Italian: estremo, stremo
→ Piedmontese: estrem
→ Portuguese: extremo
→ Spanish: extremo

References

“extremus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
“extremus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
extremus in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
- the most distant countries, the world's end: extremae terrae partes
- (ambiguous) on the edge of the hill: ad extremum tumulum
- (ambiguous) at the end of the year: exeunte, extremo anno
- (ambiguous) to touch with the fingertips: extremis digitis aliquid attingere
- (ambiguous) the last stage of life, one's last days: extrema aetas
- (ambiguous) the last stage of life, one's last days: extremum tempus aetatis
- (ambiguous) to give up the ghost: extremum vitae spiritum edere
- (ambiguous) to inflict a death-blow: plagam extremam or mortiferam infligere
- (ambiguous) affairs are desperate; we are reduced to extremeties: res ad extremum casum perducta est
- (ambiguous) affairs are desperate; we are reduced to extremeties: ad extrema perventum est
- (ambiguous) to be reduced to one's last resource: ad extremum auxilium descendere
- (ambiguous) to have recourse to extreme measures: descendere ad extrema consilia (Fam. 10. 33. 4)
- (ambiguous) to go back to the remote ages: repetere ab ultima (extrema, prisca) antiquitate (vetustate), ab heroicis temporibus
- (ambiguous) at the end of the book: in extremo libro (Q. Fr. 2. 7. 1)
- (ambiguous) to put the finishing touch to a work: extrema manus accēdit operi (active extremam manum imponere operi)
- (ambiguous) the rearguard: agmen novissimum (extremum)
Sihler, Andrew L. (1995) New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN