fluctuer
French
Etymology
Borrowed from Latin fluctuāre.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /flyk.tɥe/
Audio: (file)
Verb
fluctuer
- to fluctuate (to vary irregularly; to swing)
Conjugation
Conjugation of fluctuer (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| infinitive | simple | fluctuer | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | fluctuant /flyk.tɥɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | fluctué /flyk.tɥe/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | fluctue /flyk.ty/ |
fluctues /flyk.ty/ |
fluctue /flyk.ty/ |
fluctuons /flyk.tɥɔ̃/ |
fluctuez /flyk.tɥe/ |
fluctuent /flyk.ty/ |
| imperfect | fluctuais /flyk.tɥɛ/ |
fluctuais /flyk.tɥɛ/ |
fluctuait /flyk.tɥɛ/ |
fluctuions /flyk.ty.jɔ̃/ |
fluctuiez /flyk.ty.je/ |
fluctuaient /flyk.tɥɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | fluctuai /flyk.tɥe/ |
fluctuas /flyk.tɥa/ |
fluctua /flyk.tɥa/ |
fluctuâmes /flyk.tɥam/ |
fluctuâtes /flyk.tɥat/ |
fluctuèrent /flyk.tɥɛʁ/ | |
| future | fluctuerai /flyk.ty.ʁe/ |
fluctueras /flyk.ty.ʁa/ |
fluctuera /flyk.ty.ʁa/ |
fluctuerons /flyk.ty.ʁɔ̃/ |
fluctuerez /flyk.ty.ʁe/ |
fluctueront /flyk.ty.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | fluctuerais /flyk.ty.ʁɛ/ |
fluctuerais /flyk.ty.ʁɛ/ |
fluctuerait /flyk.ty.ʁɛ/ |
fluctuerions /flyk.ty.ʁjɔ̃/ |
fluctueriez /flyk.ty.ʁje/ |
fluctueraient /flyk.ty.ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | fluctue /flyk.ty/ |
fluctues /flyk.ty/ |
fluctue /flyk.ty/ |
fluctuions /flyk.ty.jɔ̃/ |
fluctuiez /flyk.ty.je/ |
fluctuent /flyk.ty/ |
| imperfect2 | fluctuasse /flyk.tɥas/ |
fluctuasses /flyk.tɥas/ |
fluctuât /flyk.tɥa/ |
fluctuassions /flyk.tɥa.sjɔ̃/ |
fluctuassiez /flyk.tɥa.sje/ |
fluctuassent /flyk.tɥas/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | fluctue /flyk.ty/ |
— | fluctuons /flyk.tɥɔ̃/ |
fluctuez /flyk.tɥe/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Related terms
Descendants
- → Dutch: fluctueren
Further reading
- “fluctuer”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Latin
Verb
flūctuer
- first-person singular present passive subjunctive of flūctuō