focul
Old Irish
Alternative forms
- foccul
Etymology
Once thought to be a loanword from Latin vocābulum (“appellation, designation”), but more likely a native word from Proto-Celtic *woxtlom (compare Welsh gwaethl (“argument”)), from Proto-Indo-European *wokʷtlom (compare Sanskrit वक्त्र (vaktrá, “mouth”)).
Either way, derived from the root *wekʷ- (“to speak”).[1]
The older theory was defended in the print edition of Matasović’s dictionary,[2] but the online Addenda et Corrigenda reflect the newer theory.[3]
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈɸokul]
Noun
focul n or m
Inflection
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | foculN | foculN | foculL, focula |
| vocative | foculN | foculN | foculL, focula |
| accusative | foculN | foculN | foculL, focula |
| genitive | focuilL | focul | foculN |
| dative | foculL | foculaib | foculaib |
Initial mutations of a following adjective:
- H = triggers aspiration
- L = triggers lenition
- N = triggers nasalization
Descendants
Mutation
| radical | lenition | nasalization |
|---|---|---|
| focul | ḟocul | focul pronounced with /β̃-/ |
Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.
References
- ^ Stüber, Karin (1998) The Historical Morphology of n-Stems in Celtic, Maynooth: Department of Old Irish, National University of Ireland, →ISBN, page 70.
- ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 429
- ^ Matasović, Ranko (December 2011) “Addenda et corrigenda to Ranko Matasović’s Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Brill, Leiden 2009)”, in Homepage of Ranko Matasović[1], Zagreb, page 43
Romanian
Noun
focul
- definite nominative/accusative singular of foc