fogur

See also: fögur

Old Irish

FWOTD – 10 June 2021

Alternative forms

fogor, fugur

Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *uɸo-gar-os, from *uɸo- (“under, sub-”) and the zero grade of Proto-Indo-European *ǵeh₂r- (“to call”) (compare gairid (“to call”) and Welsh gair (“word”)).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ˈɸoɣur]

Noun

fogur m (genitive foguir or fogair or fogir, nominative plural foguir or fogair or fogir)

a sound
- c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 12^c22
  Ro·cluinethar cách in fogur et níɔ·fitir cid as·beir.
  Everyone hears the sound and doesn't know what he says.
- c. 845, St Gall Glosses on Priscian, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1975, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. II, pp. 49–224, Sg. 7^a7
  in fogur glosses sonum

Declension

Masculine o-stem
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	fogur, fogor, fugur	fogur^L, fogor, fugur	foguir^L, fogair, fogir
vocative	foguir, fogair, fogir	fogur^L, fogor, fugur	fogru?^H
accusative	fogur^N, fogor, fugur	fogur^L, fogor, fugur	fogru?^H
genitive	foguir^L, fogair, fogir	fogur, fogor, fugur	fogur^N, fogor, fugur
dative	fogur^L, fogor, fugur	fograib?	fograib?

Initial mutations of a following adjective:

^H = triggers aspiration
^L = triggers lenition
^N = triggers nasalization

Derived terms

fograigidir

Descendants

Irish: foghar
Manx: foayr
Scottish Gaelic: foghar

Mutation

Mutation of *fogur*
radical	lenition	nasalization
fogur	ḟogur	fogur pronounced with /β̃-/

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Further reading

Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “fogur”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language