gair

See also: Gair, gàir, and gáir

Irish

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ɡaɾʲ/
  • (Connacht) IPA(key): /ɡɛɾʲ/ (corresponding to the form goir)
  • (Ulster) IPA(key): /ɡɪɾʲ/ (corresponding to the form goir)

Etymology 1

From Middle Irish gairid, from Old Irish gairid,[1] from Proto-Celtic *garyeti (compare Middle Welsh gardu (“groan”), geir (“word”)), from *ǵh₂r-, zero grade of Proto-Indo-European *ǵeh₂r- (“to shout, call”). Cognate with Ancient Greek γῆρυς (gêrus, “voice, speech”), Khotanese [script needed] (ysār-, “to sing”), Latin garriō (“chatter”), Old English caru (“sorrow”).

Alternative forms

Verb

gair (present analytic gaireann, future analytic gairfidh, verbal noun gairm, past participle gairthe)

  1. to call [transitive; or intransitive with ar]
  2. (literary) to invoke
  3. to acclaim
Conjugation
conjugation of gair (first conjugation – A)
verbal noun gairm
past participle gairthe
tense singular plural relative autonomous
first second third first second third
indicative
present gairim gaireann tú;
gairir† 		gaireann sé, sí gairimid gaireann sibh gaireann siad;
gairid† 		a ghaireann; a ghaireas /
a ngaireann* 		gairtear
past ghair mé; ghaireas ghair tú; ghairis ghair sé, sí ghaireamar; ghair muid ghair sibh; ghaireabhair ghair siad; ghaireadar a ghair /
ar ghair* 		gaireadh
past habitual ghairinn / ngairinn‡‡ ghairteá / ngairteᇇ ghaireadh sé, sí / ngaireadh sé, s퇇 ghairimis; ghaireadh muid / ngairimis‡‡; ngaireadh muid‡‡ ghaireadh sibh / ngaireadh sibh‡‡ ghairidís; ghaireadh siad / ngairidís‡‡; ngaireadh siad‡‡ a ghaireadh /
a ngaireadh* 		ghairtí / ngairt퇇
future gairfidh mé;
gairfead 		gairfidh tú;
gairfir† 		gairfidh sé, sí gairfimid;
gairfidh muid 		gairfidh sibh gairfidh siad;
gairfid† 		a ghairfidh; a ghairfeas /
a ngairfidh* 		gairfear
conditional ghairfinn / ngairfinn‡‡ ghairfeá / ngairfeᇇ ghairfeadh sé, sí / ngairfeadh sé, s퇇 ghairfimis; ghairfeadh muid / ngairfimis‡‡; ngairfeadh muid‡‡ ghairfeadh sibh / ngairfeadh sibh‡‡ ghairfidís; ghairfeadh siad / ngairfidís‡‡; ngairfeadh siad‡‡ a ghairfeadh /
a ngairfeadh* 		ghairfí / ngairf퇇
subjunctive
present go ngaire mé;
go ngairead† 		go ngaire tú;
go ngairir† 		go ngaire sé, sí go ngairimid;
go ngaire muid 		go ngaire sibh go ngaire siad;
go ngairid† 		— go ngairtear
past dá ngairinn dá ngairteá dá ngaireadh sé, sí dá ngairimis;
dá ngaireadh muid 		dá ngaireadh sibh dá ngairidís;
dá ngaireadh siad 		— dá ngairtí
imperative
– gairim gair gaireadh sé, sí gairimis gairigí;
gairidh† 		gairidís — gairtear

* indirect relative
† archaic or dialect form
‡‡ dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis

  • Alternative past participles: gartha
Alternative forms
Derived terms
  • aisghair (“abrogate; repeal”, transitive verb)
  • gair ar (“call upon, summon, invoke”)
  • gair de (“name, proclaim, inaugurate”)

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Adjective

gair

  2. inflection of gar:
    1. masculine vocative/genitive singular
    2. (archaic) feminine dative singular

Noun

gair m

  1. genitive singular of gar

Mutation

Mutated forms of gair
radical lenition eclipsis
gair ghair ngair

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

  1. ^ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “3 gairid”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

Further reading

Manx

Adjective

gair

  1. eclipsed form of cair

Noun

gair f

  1. eclipsed form of cair

Mutation

Mutation of cair
radical lenition eclipsis
cair chair gair

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Manx.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Scots

Alternative forms

Etymology

Compare to English gore (third sense).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈɡeːr/
  • (Orkney) IPA(key): /ˈɡair.(o)/

Noun

gair (plural gairs)

  1. (archaic) a strip of grass on a hillside, especially bright green and fertile grass

Welsh

Etymology

From Middle Welsh geir, from Proto-Brythonic *gėr, from Proto-Celtic *garyos (“word, speech”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵh₂r-, zero grade of *ǵeh₂r-.

Cognate with Ancient Greek γῆρυς (gêrus, “voice, speech”), Khotanese [script needed] (ysār-, “to sing”), Latin garriō (“chatter”), Old English ċearu (“sorrow”).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ɡai̯r/
  • Audio:(file)
  • Rhymes: -ai̯r

Noun

gair m (plural geiriau or geirau)

  1. word

Derived terms

Compounds

  • adleisair (“onomatopoeia”)
  • ansoddair (“adjective”)
  • ar air (“by word of mouth, orally”)
  • benthycair (“loanword”)
  • cyfansoddair (“compound”)
  • cymysgair (“blend, hybrid word”)
  • cysylltair (“conjunction”)
  • ebychair (“interjection”)
  • estronair (“foreign word”)
  • gogwyddair (“enclitic”)
  • grymusair (“intensive”)
  • mwythair (“euphemism”)
  • newyddair (“neologism”)
  • prifair (“headword”)
  • tarddair (“derivative”)

Mutation

Mutated forms of gair
radical soft nasal aspirate
gair air ngair unchanged

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Further reading

  • D. G. Lewis, N. Lewis, editors (2005–present), “gair”, in Gweiadur: the Welsh–English Dictionary, Gwerin
  • R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “gair”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
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