gairm

Irish

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

From Old Irish gairm, from Proto-Celtic *garsman, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵeh₂r- (“to shout, cry”); see gair for more.

Alternative forms

Noun

gairm f (genitive singular as substantive gairme, genitive as verbal noun gairthe, nominative plural gairmeacha)

  1. verbal noun of gair
  2. call, summons
  3. calling, vocation
  4. acclaim
Declension

(as verbal noun):

Declension of gairm (second declension, no plural)
bare forms
singular
nominative gairm
vocative a ghairm
genitive gairthe
dative gairm
forms with the definite article
singular
nominative an ghairm
genitive na gairthe
dative leis an ngairm
don ghairm

(as substantive):

Declension of gairm (second declension)
bare forms
singular plural
nominative gairm gairmeacha
vocative a ghairm a ghairmeacha
genitive gairme gairmeacha
dative gairm gairmeacha
forms with the definite article
singular plural
nominative an ghairm na gairmeacha
genitive na gairme na ngairmeacha
dative leis an ngairm
don ghairm 		leis na gairmeacha
Derived terms
  • aisghairm
  • athghairm (“restoration; encore; replay; recall”)
  • comhairleoir gairme (“vocational counsellor”)
  • comhghairm (“convocation; to convene”)
  • cúirtghairm
  • cúlghairm (“revocation”)
  • cumann gairme (“professional association”)
  • forbairt ghairme (“career development”)
  • forghairm (“interpellation”)
  • gairm chun fianachta (“calling to witness”)
  • gairm chun urnaí (“call to prayer”)
  • gairm ghrianghraf (“photocall”)
  • gairm na múinteoireachta (“teaching profession”)
  • gairm scoile
  • gairmchomhairliú (“vocational counseling”)
  • gairmeach
  • gairmí
  • gairmiúil
  • gairmoideachas (“vocational education”)
  • gairmoiliúint (“vocational training”)
  • gairmscoil
  • gairmthreoir (“career guidance, vocational guidance”)
  • gairmuimhir
  • gradam gairme (“occupational prestige”)
  • oiliúint ghairme (“vocational training”)
  • pleanáil ghairme (“career planning”)
  • sluaghairm (“slogan”)
  • so-aistritheacht ghairme (“occupational mobility”)
  • sos gairme (“career break”)
  • toghairm (“summons”)

Further reading

Etymology 2

Verb

gairm (present analytic gairmeann, future analytic gairmfidh, verbal noun gairm, past participle gairmthe)

  1. (ambitransitive) alternative form of gair (“to call”)
Conjugation
conjugation of gairm (first conjugation – A)
verbal noun gairm
past participle gairmthe
tense singular plural relative autonomous
first second third first second third
indicative
present gairmim gairmeann tú;
gairmir† 		gairmeann sé, sí gairmimid gairmeann sibh gairmeann siad;
gairmid† 		a ghairmeann; a ghairmeas /
a ngairmeann* 		gairmtear
past ghairm mé; ghairmeas ghairm tú; ghairmis ghairm sé, sí ghairmeamar; ghairm muid ghairm sibh; ghairmeabhair ghairm siad; ghairmeadar a ghairm /
ar ghairm* 		gairmeadh
past habitual ghairminn / ngairminn‡‡ ghairmteá / ngairmteᇇ ghairmeadh sé, sí / ngairmeadh sé, s퇇 ghairmimis; ghairmeadh muid / ngairmimis‡‡; ngairmeadh muid‡‡ ghairmeadh sibh / ngairmeadh sibh‡‡ ghairmidís; ghairmeadh siad / ngairmidís‡‡; ngairmeadh siad‡‡ a ghairmeadh /
a ngairmeadh* 		ghairmtí / ngairmt퇇
future gairmfidh mé;
gairmfead 		gairmfidh tú;
gairmfir† 		gairmfidh sé, sí gairmfimid;
gairmfidh muid 		gairmfidh sibh gairmfidh siad;
gairmfid† 		a ghairmfidh; a ghairmfeas /
a ngairmfidh* 		gairmfear
conditional ghairmfinn / ngairmfinn‡‡ ghairmfeá / ngairmfeᇇ ghairmfeadh sé, sí / ngairmfeadh sé, s퇇 ghairmfimis; ghairmfeadh muid / ngairmfimis‡‡; ngairmfeadh muid‡‡ ghairmfeadh sibh / ngairmfeadh sibh‡‡ ghairmfidís; ghairmfeadh siad / ngairmfidís‡‡; ngairmfeadh siad‡‡ a ghairmfeadh /
a ngairmfeadh* 		ghairmfí / ngairmf퇇
subjunctive
present go ngairme mé;
go ngairmead† 		go ngairme tú;
go ngairmir† 		go ngairme sé, sí go ngairmimid;
go ngairme muid 		go ngairme sibh go ngairme siad;
go ngairmid† 		— go ngairmtear
past dá ngairminn dá ngairmteá dá ngairmeadh sé, sí dá ngairmimis;
dá ngairmeadh muid 		dá ngairmeadh sibh dá ngairmidís;
dá ngairmeadh siad 		— dá ngairmtí
imperative
– gairmim gairm gairmeadh sé, sí gairmimis gairmigí;
gairmidh† 		gairmidís — gairmtear

* indirect relative
† archaic or dialect form
‡‡ dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis

Mutation

Mutated forms of gairm
radical lenition eclipsis
gairm ghairm ngairm

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

  1. ^ “gairm”, in Irish Pronunciation Database, Foras na Gaeilge, 2013–2025
  2. ^ Finck, F. N. (1899) Die araner mundart [The Aran Dialect] (in German), Zweiter Band: Wörterbuch [Second volume: Dictionary], Marburg: Elwert’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, page 123
  3. ^ de Bhaldraithe, Tomás (1977) Gaeilge Chois Fhairrge: An Deilbhíocht [The Irish of Cois Fharraige: Accidence] (in Irish), 2nd edition, Institiúid Ard-Léinn Bhaile Átha Cliath [Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies], section 32, page 14
  4. ^ Mhac an Fhailigh, Éamonn (1968) The Irish of Erris, Co. Mayo: A Phonemic Study, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, section 475, page 168
  5. ^ Quiggin, E. C. (1906) A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, § 110, page 43

Old Irish

Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *garsman, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵeh₂r- (“to shout, cry”).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [ˈɡarʲmʲ]

Noun

gairm n (genitive garma)

  1. verbal noun of gairid
  2. call, summons
  3. calling, profession

Declension

Neuter n-stem
singular dual plural
nominative gairmN gairmN garmanL
vocative gairmN gairmN garmanL
accusative gairmN gairmN garmanL
genitive garma garmanN garmanN
dative garmaimL garmanaib garmanaib
Initial mutations of a following adjective:
  • H = triggers aspiration
  • L = triggers lenition
  • N = triggers nasalization

Derived terms

Descendants

  • Irish: gairm
  • Scottish Gaelic: gairm

Mutation

Mutation of gairm
radical lenition nasalization
gairm gairm
pronounced with /ɣ-/		 ngairm

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Further reading

Scottish Gaelic

Etymology

From Old Irish gairm, from Proto-Celtic *garsman, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵh₂r̥-smn̥, from *ǵeh₂r- (“to shout, cry”).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈɡ̊ɤˈɾʲɤm/[1]
  • (Lewis) IPA(key): /ˈɡ̊ɤˈðɤm/[2][3]

Verb

gairm (past ghairm, future gairmidh, verbal noun gairm, past participle gairmte)

  1. call, cry
  2. crow (cock, etc.)
  3. declare (war, ceasefire, etc.)
  4. draft (into armed forces)

Noun

gairm f (genitive singular gairme, plural gairmean or gairmeannan)

  1. verbal noun of gairm
  2. cry, call
  3. crow (cock's)
  4. proclamation
    Synonym: glaodhadh

Mutation

Mutation of gairm
radical lenition
gairm ghairm

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Scottish Gaelic.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

  1. ^ Rev. C. M. Robertson (1902) “Skye Gaelic”, in Transactions of the Gaelic Society of Inverness, Volume XXIII: 1898-99‎[1], Gaelic Society of Inverness, pages 54-88
  2. ^ Jenny Ladefoged, Peter Ladefoged, Alice Turk, Kevin Hind (5 February 1996) “Word List for Scottish Gaelic (Great Bernera, Lewis, Outer Hebrides, Scotland)”, in The UCLA Phonetics Lab Archive‎[2], Los Angeles, CA: UCLA Department of Linguistics
  3. ^ Oftedal, M. (1956) A linguistic survey of the Gaelic dialects of Scotland, Vol. III: The Gaelic of Leurbost, Isle of Lewis, Oslo: Norsk Tidsskrift for Sprogvidenskap

Further reading

  • Edward Dwelly (1911) “gairm”, in Faclair Gàidhlig gu Beurla le Dealbhan [The Illustrated Gaelic–English Dictionary]‎[3], 10th edition, Edinburgh: Birlinn Limited, →ISBN
  • Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “gairm”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
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