gésir

See also: gesir

French

Etymology

Inherited from Old French gesir, from Latin iacēre.

The final -ir < Latin -ēre is regular and results from the palatalization of the preceding -c- to *[d͡zʲ], as in loisir, moisir, plaisir.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ʒe.ziʁ/
  • Audio:(file)

Verb

gésir (defective)

  1. (intransitive, archaic or literary) to lie (to be in a horizontal position), especially when dead or wounded
    Ci-gît... (formula used on gravestones) ― Here lies...
    La victime gisait dans son sang. ― The victim was lying in a pool of their own blood.
  2. (intransitive, archaic or literary) to be located
  3. (intransitive, archaic or literary) to be buried, hidden

Usage notes

  • This verb is mostly archaic, but survives in the literary language and in the turn of phrase ci-gît.
  • The circumflex on the ‘i’ in the third-person singular present indicative has been optional since the 1990 French spelling reforms; see gît (old spelling) and git (new spelling).

Conjugation

Conjugation of gésir (see also Appendix:French verbs)
infinitive simple gésir
compound avoir + past participle
present participle or gerund1 simple gisant
compound ayant + past participle
past participle geu or gési or gis
singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative je (j’) tu il, elle, on nous vous ils, elles
(simple
tenses) 		present gis gis git or gît gisons gisez gisent
imperfect gisais gisais gisait gisions gisiez gisaient
past historic2 gésis or gisai gésis or gisas gésit or gisa gésîmes or gisâmes gésîtes or gisâtes gésirent or gisèrent
future gésirai or gîrai gésiras or gîras gésira or gîra gésirons or gîrons gésirez or gîrez gésiront or gîront
conditional gésirais or gîrais gésirais or gîrais gésirait or gîrait gîrions gîriez gésiraient or gîraient
(compound
tenses) 		present perfect present indicative of avoir + past participle
pluperfect imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
past anterior2 past historic of avoir + past participle
future perfect future of avoir + past participle
conditional perfect conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive que je (j’) que tu qu’il, qu’elle que nous que vous qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple
tenses) 		present gise gises gise gisions gisiez gisent
imperfect2 — — gisât gisassions — gisassent
(compound
tenses) 		past present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
pluperfect2 imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative – tu – nous vous –
simple — gis — gisions or gisons gisez —
compound — simple imperative of avoir + past participle — simple imperative of avoir + past participle simple imperative of avoir + past participle —
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
past historic → present perfect
past anterior → pluperfect
imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive
pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive

(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).


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