gaisas
Lithuanian
Etymology
Cognate with Latvian gàiss (“air, atmosphere, sky”); further origin outside of Baltic uncertain.[1]
Beekes tentatively derives the word from Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰeh₂i-so- and connects Ancient Greek φαιός (phaiós, “(dark) gray, blackish”); this is formally acceptable, but the semantic link is rather tenuous.
Derksen tentatively rejects the above derivation, and espouses Fraenkel's traditional derivation from an unattested Lithuanian *gaid-sas, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰh₂eyd-, whence also giẽdras (“clear”), Ancient Greek φαιδρός (phaidrós, “bright, beaming”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈɡɐɪ̯ˑs̪ɐs̪]
Noun
gai̇̃sas m (plural gaisai̇̃) stress pattern 4
Declension
| singular (vienaskaita) |
plural (daugiskaita) | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative (vardininkas) | gai̇̃sas | gaisai̇̃ |
| genitive (kilmininkas) | gai̇̃so | gaisų̃ |
| dative (naudininkas) | gai̇̃sui | gaisáms |
| accusative (galininkas) | gai̇̃są | gaisùs |
| instrumental (įnagininkas) | gaisù | gaisai̇̃s |
| locative (vietininkas) | gaisè | gaisuosè |
| vocative (šauksmininkas) | gai̇̃se | gaisai̇̃ |
Derived terms
- gai̇̃sras (“conflagration, fire”)
References
- ^ Derksen, Rick (2015) “gaisas”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 161
Further reading
- “gaisas”, in Lietuvių kalbos žodynas [Dictionary of the Lithuanian language], lkz.lt, 1941–2025
- “gaisas”, in Lietuvių kalbos etimologinio žodyno duomenų bazė [Lithuanian etymological dictionary database], 2007–2012