φαιός
Ancient Greek
Etymology
Of unclear origin. The word has been compared with Latvian gaišs (“light, bright”) and Lithuanian gai̇̃sas (“beam of light, redness in the sky”) and reconstructed as Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰaiso- (“bright, shining”), though there are formal issues with this. Other reconstructions which have been proposed are *φαιϝός (*phaiwós) and *φαισϝός (*phaiswós).[1]
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /pʰai̯.ós/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /pʰɛˈos/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ɸɛˈos/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /feˈos/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /feˈos/
Adjective
φαιός • (phaiós) m (feminine φαιᾱ́, neuter φαιόν); first/second declension
Inflection
| Number | Singular | Dual | Plural | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Case/Gender | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |||||
| Nominative | φαιός phaiós |
φαιᾱ́ phaiā́ |
φαιόν phaión |
φαιώ phaiṓ |
φαιᾱ́ phaiā́ |
φαιώ phaiṓ |
φαιοί phaioí |
φαιαί phaiaí |
φαιᾰ́ phaiắ | |||||
| Genitive | φαιοῦ phaioû |
φαιᾶς phaiâs |
φαιοῦ phaioû |
φαιοῖν phaioîn |
φαιαῖν phaiaîn |
φαιοῖν phaioîn |
φαιῶν phaiôn |
φαιῶν phaiôn |
φαιῶν phaiôn | |||||
| Dative | φαιῷ phaiōî |
φαιᾷ phaiāî |
φαιῷ phaiōî |
φαιοῖν phaioîn |
φαιαῖν phaiaîn |
φαιοῖν phaioîn |
φαιοῖς phaioîs |
φαιαῖς phaiaîs |
φαιοῖς phaioîs | |||||
| Accusative | φαιόν phaión |
φαιᾱ́ν phaiā́n |
φαιόν phaión |
φαιώ phaiṓ |
φαιᾱ́ phaiā́ |
φαιώ phaiṓ |
φαιούς phaioús |
φαιᾱ́ς phaiā́s |
φαιᾰ́ phaiắ | |||||
| Vocative | φαιέ phaié |
φαιᾱ́ phaiā́ |
φαιόν phaión |
φαιώ phaiṓ |
φαιᾱ́ phaiā́ |
φαιώ phaiṓ |
φαιοί phaioí |
φαιαί phaiaí |
φαιᾰ́ phaiắ | |||||
| Derived forms | Adverb | Comparative | Superlative | |||||||||||
| φαιῶς phaiôs |
φαιότερος phaióteros |
φαιότᾰτος phaiótătos | ||||||||||||
| Notes: |
| |||||||||||||
Derived terms
- λευκόφαιος (leukóphaios)
- φαιουρός (phaiourós)
- φαιοχίτων (phaiokhítōn)
Descendants
See also
| λευκός (leukós) | γλαυκός (glaukós), κῐλλός (kĭllós), πολῐός (polĭós), φαιός (phaiós), χαροπός (kharopós) | ᾰ̓μαυρός (ămaurós), κελαινός (kelainós), μαυρός (maurós), μέλᾱς (mélās) |
| ἐρῠθρός (erŭthrós); κᾰρῡ́κῐνος (kărū́kĭnos), κόκκῐνος (kókkĭnos), φοινός (phoinós) | πυρρός (purrhós); ὄρφνῐνος (órphnĭnos) | μήλινος (mḗlinos), ξᾰνθός (xănthós); ὠχρός (ōkhrós) |
| πρᾰ́σῐνος (prắsĭnos) | χλωρός (khlōrós) | χλωρός (khlōrós); χλωρομέλᾱς (khlōromélās) |
| κῠᾰ́νεος (kŭắneos); γλαυκός (glaukós), κᾰλάϊνος (kăláïnos) | κῠᾰ́νεος (kŭắneos) | κῠᾰ́νεος (kŭắneos), ὑᾰκῐ́νθῐνος (huăkĭ́nthĭnos) |
| ἰόεις (ióeis), φοινῑ́κεος (phoinī́keos); ᾰ̔λουργής (hălourgḗs), πορφῠ́ρεος (porphŭ́reos), οἶνοψ (oînops) | φοινῑ́κεος (phoinī́keos); ᾰ̔λουργής (hălourgḗs), πορφῠ́ρεος (porphŭ́reos) | ῥόδινος (rhódinos), ῥοδόεις (rhodóeis) |
References
- ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “φαιός”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1547
Further reading
- “φαιός”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “φαιός”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- φαιός in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
Greek
Etymology
From Ancient Greek φαιός (phaiós).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /feˈos/
- Hyphenation: φαι‧ός
Adjective
φαιός • (faiós) m (feminine φαιά, neuter φαιό)
- (formal, of colours and hues) dull (having no particular luster or brightness)
- (formal, by extension) grey, ashy (having a color somewhere between white and black)
- 1982, “Ερωτικό (Με μια πιρόγα) [Love Song (In A Pirogue)]”, in Alkis Alkaios (lyrics), Thanos Mikroutsikos (music), Εμπάργκο [Embargo], performed by Manolis Mitsias:
- Εδώ είναι Αττική, φαιό νταμάρι.
- Edó eínai Attikí, faió ntamári.
- This is Attica, a dull grey quarry.
Declension
| singular | plural | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | feminine | neuter | masculine | feminine | neuter | ||
| nominative | φαιός (faiós) | φαιή (faií) φαιά (faiá) |
φαιό (faió) | φαιοί (faioí) | φαιές (faiés) | φαιά (faiá) | |
| genitive | φαιού (faioú) | φαιής (faiís) φαιάς (faiás) |
φαιού (faioú) | φαιών (faión) | φαιών (faión) | φαιών (faión) | |
| accusative | φαιό (faió) | φαιή (faií) φαιά (faiá) |
φαιό (faió) | φαιούς (faioús) | φαιές (faiés) | φαιά (faiá) | |
| vocative | φαιέ (faié) | φαιή (faií) φαιά (faiá) |
φαιό (faió) | φαιοί (faioí) | φαιές (faiés) | φαιά (faiá) | |
Derivations:
Comparative: πιο + positive forms (e.g. πιο φαιός, etc.)
Relative superlative: definite article + πιο + positive forms (e.g. ο πιο φαιός, etc.)
Synonyms
Antonyms
- (antonym(s) of “dull”): ανοιχτόχρωμος (anoichtóchromos, “lightly-coloured, light”)
Derived terms
- φαιά ουσία f (faiá ousía, “grey matter”)
- φαιοκίτρινος (faiokítrinos, “pale yellow, yellow-grey”)
- φαιοκόκκινος (faiokókkinos, “pale red, red-grey”)
- φαιοπράσινος (faioprásinos, “pale green, green-grey”)
- φαιοχίτων m (faiochíton, “Nazi dressed in grey”)
- φαιόχρωμος (faióchromos, “grey-coloured”)