grád

• (Munster, Connacht) IPA^(key): /ɡɾˠɑːd̪ˠ/
• (Ulster) IPA^(key): /ɡɾˠaːd̪ˠ/

From Old Irish grád, but with /d̪ˠ/ restored under the influence of English and French grade; all of which are borrowed from Latin gradus.

grád m (genitive singular gráid, nominative plural gráid)

1. grade; degree, class
2. (nautical) rating

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

grád

1. (dialectal) first-person singular present subjunctive of gráigh (“love”)

• Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “grád”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
• de Bhaldraithe, Tomás (1959) “grád”, in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm
• “grád”, in New English-Irish Dictionary, Foras na Gaeilge, 2013–2025

• IPA^(key): /ɡraːð/

From Proto-Celtic *gʷrādus, perhaps ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *gʰer- (“to yearn for”) and related to Proto-Germanic *grēduz (“hunger, desire”).^[1]

grád n (genitive gráda, nominative plural grád)

1. love, affection, fondness, charity

• Irish: grá
• Manx: graih
• Scottish Gaelic: gràdh
• ⇒ Middle Irish: grádaigidir
  • Irish: gráigh
  • Scottish Gaelic: gràdhaich

• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “2 grád (‘love, affection’)”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

Borrowed from Latin gradus.

grád n (genitive gráid, nominative plural gráid)

1. grade, degree
2. rank, order
   • c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 28^c7

     ma chomalnit a ngrád ꝉ apud plebiles ma rud·choiscset a mmuintir

     if they fulfill their orders or, among the plebiles, if they have corrected their household

3. (Christianity) holy orders
   • c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 29^a28

     Ní taibre grád for nech causa a pectha ꝉ a chaíngníma: ar biit alaili and ro·finnatar a pecthe resíu do·coí grád forru; alaili is íarum ro·finnatar. Berir dano fri láa brátha

     You sg should not confer orders on anyone because of his sin or of his good deed: for there are some whose sins are known before their ordination, others whose [sins] are known afterwards. Reference is made, then, to the day of judgment.

     (literally, “…before orders shall go upon them…”)

• Middle Irish: grád
  • Irish: grádh
  • ⇒ Irish: grád (with d replacing expected dh under English and French influence)

• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “1 grád (‘grade, degree’)”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language