hwealf

Old English

Alternative forms

  • hwalf

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *hwalbaz. Cognate with Old High German walbe, Old Norse hvalf (Icelandic hólf).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /xwæ͜ɑlf/, [ʍæ͜ɑɫf]

Noun

hwealf f

  1. vault, arch
    • 10th century, Anonymous, Beowulf, line 576:
      under heofenes hwealf
      under heaven’s vault

Declension

Strong a-stem:

singular plural
nominative hwealf hwealf
accusative hwealf hwealf
genitive hwealfes hwealfa
dative hwealfe hwealfum

Adjective

hwealf

  1. arched, vaulted, hollow, concave, bent
    • 10th century, Anonymous, Judith XI 214, Nowell Codex:
      bordum beðeahte, / hwealfum lindum,
      with bucklers protected, / With their hollow shields, [1]
      warded with bucklers, / Linden-shields curved, [2]

Declension

Declension of hwealf — Strong
Singular Masculine Feminine Neuter
Nominative hwealf hwealf hwealf
Accusative hwealfne hwealfe hwealf
Genitive hwealfes hwealfre hwealfes
Dative hwealfum hwealfre hwealfum
Instrumental hwealfe hwealfre hwealfe
Plural Masculine Feminine Neuter
Nominative hwealfe hwealfa, hwealfe hwealf
Accusative hwealfe hwealfa, hwealfe hwealf
Genitive hwealfra hwealfra hwealfra
Dative hwealfum hwealfum hwealfum
Instrumental hwealfum hwealfum hwealfum
Declension of hwealf — Weak
Singular Masculine Feminine Neuter
Nominative hwealfa hwealfe hwealfe
Accusative hwealfan hwealfan hwealfe
Genitive hwealfan hwealfan hwealfan
Dative hwealfan hwealfan hwealfan
Instrumental hwealfan hwealfan hwealfan
Plural Masculine Feminine Neuter
Nominative hwealfan hwealfan hwealfan
Accusative hwealfan hwealfan hwealfan
Genitive hwealfra, hwealfena hwealfra, hwealfena hwealfra, hwealfena
Dative hwealfum hwealfum hwealfum
Instrumental hwealfum hwealfum hwealfum
  • hwealfian

References

  1. ^ 1902, J. Lesslie Hall, Judith, Phœnix and other Anglo-Saxon poems, Silver Burdett and Company, New York, p.12
  2. ^ 1888, Albert S. Cook, Judith, an Old English epic fragment, D.C. Heath & Co, Boston 1888, pp. 17-19
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