incumbo

Latin

Etymology

From in- +‎ *cumbō.

Pronunciation

Verb

incumbō (present infinitive incumbere, perfect active incubuī, supine incubitum); third conjugation, no passive

  1. to lay oneself upon; to lean or recline on something
    Synonym: immineō
  2. to press down on, fall upon (e.g. one's sword)
    Ferro incumbere.
    To press down on iron.
    Gladio incumbere.
    To press down on a sword.
    In gladium incumbere.
    To fall on his sword.
  3. to bend one's attention to; to devote or apply oneself to
    ceris et stilo incumbere.

Usage notes

  • Constructed with in ("in"), ad ("to", "towards", "on"), super ("upon") or the dative, also with the accusative.
    Incumbere in parietem.
    To lean on a wall.

Conjugation

   Conjugation of incumbō (third conjugation, no passive, no supine stem)
indicative singular plural
first second third first second third
active present incumbō incumbis incumbit incumbimus incumbitis incumbunt
imperfect incumbēbam incumbēbās incumbēbat incumbēbāmus incumbēbātis incumbēbant
future incumbam incumbēs incumbet incumbēmus incumbētis incumbent
perfect incumbuī incumbuistī incumbuit incumbuimus incumbuistis incumbuērunt,
incumbuēre
pluperfect incumbueram incumbuerās incumbuerat incumbuerāmus incumbuerātis incumbuerant
future perfect incumbuerō incumbueris incumbuerit incumbuerimus incumbueritis incumbuerint
subjunctive singular plural
first second third first second third
active present incumbam incumbās incumbat incumbāmus incumbātis incumbant
imperfect incumberem incumberēs incumberet incumberēmus incumberētis incumberent
perfect incumbuerim incumbuerīs incumbuerit incumbuerīmus incumbuerītis incumbuerint
pluperfect incumbuissem incumbuissēs incumbuisset incumbuissēmus incumbuissētis incumbuissent
imperative singular plural
first second third first second third
active present — incumbe — — incumbite —
future — incumbitō incumbitō — incumbitōte incumbuntō
non-finite forms infinitive participle
active passive active passive
present incumbere — incumbēns —
perfect incumbuisse — — —
verbal nouns gerund supine
genitive dative accusative ablative accusative ablative
incumbendī incumbendō incumbendum incumbendō — —

Derived terms

Descendants

  • French: incomber
  • Italian: incombere
  • Spanish: incumbir
  • Portuguese: incumbir

References

  • “incumbo”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • “incumbo”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • incumbo in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
  • Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
    • to be energetic about, throw one's heart into a thing: incumbere in (ad) aliquid
    • to devote one's every thought to the state's welfare: in rem publicam omni cogitatione curaque incumbere (Fam. 10. 1. 2)
    • to carry on a war energetically: omni studio in (ad) bellum incumbere

Portuguese

Verb

incumbo

  1. first-person singular present indicative of incumbir

Spanish

Verb

incumbo

  1. first-person singular present indicative of incumbir
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