jɔ̃³¹
See also: Appendix:Variations of "jo"
Pela
Etymology
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan. Cognate with Burmese ယင်း (yang:, “that”), Lhao Vo yao꞉, Zaiwa yang and Longchuan Achang ȵ̊aŋ³¹.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /jɔ̃³¹/
Pronoun
jɔ̃³¹ (possessive form )
Usage notes
See the jɔ̃³¹#Prefix section.
See also
| nominative | genitive1 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| singular | 1st person | ŋa⁵⁵ | ŋai³⁵ | |
| 2nd person | nɔ̃⁵⁵ | nɔ̃³⁵ | ||
| 3rd person | jɔ̃³¹ | jɔ̃⁵⁵ | ||
| dual | 1st person | inclusive | njɔ̠̃³¹ na̠k⁵⁵, njɔ̠̃³¹ nɛ̠̃⁵⁵, njɔ̠̃³¹ tɔ̠̃⁵⁵ | |
| exclusive | ŋă.na̠k⁵⁵, ŋă.nɛ̠̃⁵⁵, ŋă.tɔ̠̃⁵⁵ | |||
| 2nd person | nauŋ³¹ nɛ̠̃⁵⁵, nauŋ³¹ tɔ̠̃⁵⁵ | |||
| 3rd person | jɔ̃³¹ nɛ̠̃⁵⁵, jɔ̃³¹ tɔ̠̃⁵⁵ | |||
| plural | 1st person | inclusive | njɔ̠̃³⁵, njɔ̠̃³¹ na̠u̠ŋ⁵⁵ | |
| exclusive | ŋă.maʔ⁵⁵, ŋă.na̠u̠ŋ⁵⁵ | |||
| 2nd person | nauŋ³¹ maʔ⁵⁵, nə̆.na̠u̠ŋ⁵⁵ | |||
| 3rd person | jɔ̃³¹ maʔ⁵⁵, jɔ̃³¹ na̠u̠ŋ⁵⁵ | |||
1 The genitive particle na̠³¹ is often optionally added after genitive singular pronouns and nominative dual or plural pronouns.
Prefix
jɔ̃³¹-
- prefix of inalienable possession, e.g. kinship; one's
- a³¹ pai⁵¹ jɔ̃³¹ va⁵⁵
- Elder sister's father
Usage notes
Unlike ŋa⁵⁵ (“I”), jɔ̃³¹ acts as a modifier to kinship terms itself rather than in its possessive form jɔ̃⁵⁵.
jɔ̃³¹ can be also grammaticalised further to a general inalienable possessive prefix and an emphasiser (see the next section).
Derived terms
- jɔ̃³¹ pau³⁵ (“alone; only by oneself”)
Adverb
jɔ̃³¹
- Emphasises the antecedent; do; indeed
- ŋă.na̠u̠ŋ⁵⁵ xəi⁵⁵ pʰjɔ̃³¹ mɛ̃⁵⁵ jɔ̃⁵¹ tʃʰə̆ mɛ̃⁵¹ nji³¹ ta̠³⁵ vɛ³⁵
- We have been living here since, indeed, long ago.
Derived terms
- jɔ̃³¹ jɔ̃³¹ (“himself/herself/itself; oneself”)
References
- Dai Qingxia, Jiang Ying, Kong Zhien, A Study of Pela Language (2007; Publishing House of Minority Nationalities, Beijing)