Egyptian
Pronunciation
Etymology 1
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Verb
3-lit.
- (transitive) to serve in place of (someone), to represent or replace; to be a lieutenant, deputy, or proxy for
- (transitive, with st as object) to take (someone’s place), to serve in (someone’s role or position)
- (transitive) to govern, to administer
- (transitive, figuratively) to serve as (something), to take the role of (something)
Inflection
Conjugation of jdn (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: jdn, geminated stem: jdnn
| infinitival forms
|
imperative
|
| infinitive
|
negatival complement
|
complementary infinitive1
|
singular
|
plural
|
jdn
|
jdnw, jdn
|
jdnt
|
jdn
|
jdn
|
| ‘pseudoverbal’ forms
|
| stative stem
|
periphrastic imperfective2
|
periphrastic prospective2
|
jdn
|
ḥr jdn
|
m jdn
|
r jdn
|
| suffix conjugation
|
| aspect / mood
|
active
|
passive
|
contingent
|
| aspect / mood
|
active
|
passive
|
| perfect
|
jdn.n
|
jdnw, jdn
|
consecutive
|
jdn.jn
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| terminative
|
jdnt
|
| perfective3
|
jdn
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
obligative1
|
jdn.ḫr
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| imperfective
|
jdn
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| prospective3
|
jdn
|
jdnn
|
potentialis1
|
jdn.kꜣ
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| subjunctive
|
jdn
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| verbal adjectives
|
| aspect / mood
|
relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms
|
participles
|
| active
|
passive
|
active
|
passive
|
| perfect
|
jdn.n
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
—
|
—
|
| perfective
|
jdn
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
jdn
|
jdn, jdnw5, jdny5
|
| imperfective
|
jdn, jdny, jdnw5
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
jdn, jdnj6, jdny6
|
jdn, jdnw5
|
| prospective
|
jdn, jdntj7
|
—
|
jdntj4, jdnt4
|
1 Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
2 Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
3 Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
4 Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn.
5 Only in the masculine singular.
6 Only in the masculine.
7 Only in the feminine.
|
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of jdn
|
|
|
| jdn
|
jtnw
|
| [New Kingdom]
|
[Greco-Roman Period]
|
Etymology 2
Compare Proto-Semitic *ʔuḏn- (“ear”) (whence Arabic أذن and Hebrew אוזן).[1]
Noun
m
- (rare) ear
- Synonym: msḏr
Inflection
Declension of jdn (masculine)
| singular
|
jdn
|
| dual
|
jdnwj
|
| plural
|
jdnw
|
References
- “jdn (lemma ID 34080)” and “jdn (lemma ID 34070)”, in Thesaurus Linguae Aegyptiae[1], Corpus issue 18, Web app version 2.1.5, Tonio Sebastian Richter & Daniel A. Werning by order of the Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften and Hans-Werner Fischer-Elfert & Peter Dils by order of the Sächsische Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig, 2004–26 July 2023
- Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1926) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache[2], volume 1, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 154.1–154.4
- Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, page 35
- ^ Takács, Gábor (1999) Etymological Dictionary of Egyptian, volume 1, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 36, →ISBN