Egyptian
Pronunciation
Verb
3-lit.
- (transitive) to moisten, to wet (something) (+ m: with) [since the Middle Kingdom]
- (transitive) to water (plants, fields, barren land), including by flood [since the Middle Kingdom]
- (transitive) to sprinkle or apply (a liquid healing substance) (+ m: on or in) [Medical Papyri]
- (transitive) to make an offering of (water, beer, or another liquid) [since the New Kingdom]
- (intransitive) to weep, to cry, to mourn [Greco-Roman Period]
Inflection
Conjugation of jwḥ (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: jwḥ, geminated stem: jwḥḥ
| infinitival forms
|
imperative
|
| infinitive
|
negatival complement
|
complementary infinitive1
|
singular
|
plural
|
jwḥ
|
jwḥw, jwḥ
|
jwḥt
|
jwḥ
|
jwḥ
|
| ‘pseudoverbal’ forms
|
| stative stem
|
periphrastic imperfective2
|
periphrastic prospective2
|
jwḥ
|
ḥr jwḥ
|
m jwḥ
|
r jwḥ
|
| suffix conjugation
|
| aspect / mood
|
active
|
passive
|
contingent
|
| aspect / mood
|
active
|
passive
|
| perfect
|
jwḥ.n
|
jwḥw, jwḥ
|
consecutive
|
jwḥ.jn
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| terminative
|
jwḥt
|
| perfective3
|
jwḥ
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
obligative1
|
jwḥ.ḫr
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| imperfective
|
jwḥ
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| prospective3
|
jwḥ
|
jwḥḥ
|
potentialis1
|
jwḥ.kꜣ
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| subjunctive
|
jwḥ
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| verbal adjectives
|
| aspect / mood
|
relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms
|
participles
|
| active
|
passive
|
active
|
passive
|
| perfect
|
jwḥ.n
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
—
|
—
|
| perfective
|
jwḥ
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
jwḥ
|
jwḥ, jwḥw5, jwḥy5
|
| imperfective
|
jwḥ, jwḥy, jwḥw5
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
jwḥ, jwḥj6, jwḥy6
|
jwḥ, jwḥw5
|
| prospective
|
jwḥ, jwḥtj7
|
—
|
jwḥtj4, jwḥt4
|
1 Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
2 Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
3 Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
4 Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn.
5 Only in the masculine singular.
6 Only in the masculine.
7 Only in the feminine.
|
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of jwḥ
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|
|
|
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| jwḥ
|
jwḥ
|
jwḥ
|
jwḥꜥ
|
|
|
[18th Dynasty]
|
[New Kingdom]
|
[since the 19th Dynasty]
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Alternative hieroglyphic writings of jwḥ
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|
|
|
|
|
| jwḥ
|
jw
|
jwḥꜥ
|
jwḥ
|
jwḥꜥ
|
| [Greco-Roman Period]
|
[Greco-Roman Period]
|
[Greco-Roman Period]
|
[Greco-Roman Period]
|
[Greco-Roman Period]
|
|
|
|
|
in sense ‘weep’
|
in sense ‘weep’
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Derived terms
References
- “jwḥ (lemma ID 23000)”, in Thesaurus Linguae Aegyptiae[1], Corpus issue 18, Web app version 2.1.5, Tonio Sebastian Richter & Daniel A. Werning by order of the Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften and Hans-Werner Fischer-Elfert & Peter Dils by order of the Sächsische Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig, 2004–26 July 2023
- Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1926) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache[2], volume 1, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 57.1–57.8, 57.13
- Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, page 14
- Hoch, James (1997) Middle Egyptian Grammar, Mississauga: Benben Publications, →ISBN, page 244