karistama
Estonian
Etymology
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈkɑristɑmɑ/, [ˈkɑrisˌtɑmɑ]
- Rhymes: -ɑmɑ
- Hyphenation: ka‧ris‧ta‧ma
Verb
karistama (da-infinitive karistada)
- (transitive, usually atelic) to punish [with (genitive +) eest ‘for’ and comitative ‘with, how’]
- 2025 January 24, Toomas Pott, EL trahvis Eestit konkurentsidirektiivi ülevõtmisega viivitamise eest[1]:
- Euroopa Komisjon karistas Eestit 400 000-eurose trahviga, sest Eesti pole õigeks ajaks konkurentsidirektiivi üle võtnud. Direktiivi ülevõtmise taga on vaidlus koalitsioonis, kuidas rikkumistega peaks tegelema.
- The European Commission punished Estonia with a 400,000-euro fine because Estonia has not transposed the competition directive on time. Behind the adoption of the directive is a dispute in the coalition about how violations should be dealt with.
- (dialectal) to warn, to scold
Conjugation
Conjugation of karistama (ÕS type 27/elama, no gradation)
| indicative | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present | perfect | ||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||
| 1st sing. | karistan | ei karista | 1st sing. | olen karistanud | ei ole karistanud pole karistanud | ||||
| 2nd sing. | karistad | 2nd sing. | oled karistanud | ||||||
| 3rd sing. | karistab | 3rd sing. | on karistanud | ||||||
| 1st plur. | karistame | 1st plur. | oleme karistanud | ||||||
| 2nd plur. | karistate | 2nd plur. | olete karistanud | ||||||
| 3rd plur. | karistavad | 3rd plur. | on karistanud | ||||||
| impersonal | karistatakse | ei karistata | impersonal | on karistatud | ei ole karistatud pole karistatud | ||||
| past | pluperfect | ||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||
| 1st sing. | karistasin | ei karistanud | 1st sing. | olin karistanud | ei olnud karistanud polnud karistanud | ||||
| 2nd sing. | karistasid | 2nd sing. | olid karistanud | ||||||
| 3rd sing. | karistas | 3rd sing. | oli karistanud | ||||||
| 1st plur. | karistasime | 1st plur. | olime karistanud | ||||||
| 2nd plur. | karistasite | 2nd plur. | olite karistanud | ||||||
| 3rd plur. | karistasid | 3rd plur. | oli karistanud | ||||||
| impersonal | karistati | ei karistatud | impersonal | oli karistatud | ei olnud karistatud polnud karistatud | ||||
| conditional | |||||||||
| present | perfect | ||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||
| 1st sing. | karistaksin | ei karistaks | 1st sing. | karistanuksin oleksin karistanud |
ei karistanuks ei oleks karistanud poleks karistanud | ||||
| 2nd sing. | karistaksid | 2nd sing. | karistanuksid oleksid karistanud | ||||||
| 3rd sing. | karistaks | 3rd sing. | karistanuks oleks karistanud | ||||||
| 1st plur. | karistaksime | 1st plur. | karistanuksime oleksime karistanud | ||||||
| 2nd plur. | karistaksite | 2nd plur. | karistanuksite oleksite karistanud | ||||||
| 3rd plur. | karistaksid | 3rd plur. | karistanuksid oleksid karistanud | ||||||
| impersonal | karistataks | ei karistataks | impersonal | oleks karistatud | ei oleks karistatud poleks karistatud | ||||
| imperative | |||||||||
| present | perfect | ||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||
| 1st sing. | — | — | 1st sing. | — | — | ||||
| 2nd sing. | karista | ära karista | 2nd sing. | ole karistanud | ära ole karistanud | ||||
| 3rd sing. | karistagu | ärgu karistagu | 3rd sing. | olgu karistanud | ärgu olgu karistanud | ||||
| 1st plur. | karistagem | ärme karistame ärme karista ärgem karistagem |
1st plur. | olgem karistanud | ärme oleme karistanud ärme ole karistanud ärgem olgem karistanud | ||||
| 2nd plur. | karistage | ärge karistage | 2nd plur. | olge karistanud | ärge olge karistanud | ||||
| 3rd plur. | karistagu | ärgu karistagu | 3rd plur. | olgu karistanud | ärgu olgu karistanud | ||||
| impersonal | karistatagu | ärgu karistatagu | impersonal | olgu karistatud | ärgu olgu karistatud | ||||
| quotative | |||||||||
| present | perfect | ||||||||
| voice | positive | negative | voice | positive | negative | ||||
| active | karistavat | ei karistavat | active | olevat karistanud | ei olevat karistanud polevat karistanud | ||||
| passive | karistatavat | ei karistatavat | passive | olevat karistatud | ei olevat karistatud polevat karistatud | ||||
| Nominal forms | |||||||||
| ma-infinitive | active | passive | da-infinitive | present | past | ||||
| nominative | karistama | karistatama | nominative | karistada | olla karistanud | ||||
| illative | — | inessive | karistades | olles karistanud | |||||
| inessive | karistamas | participle | active | passive | |||||
| elative | karistamast | present | karistav | karistatav | |||||
| translative | karistamaks | past | karistanud | karistatud | |||||
| abessive | karistamata | negative | karistamatu | — | |||||
Derived terms
- karistaja
- karistamatu
- karistamine
- karistatav
- karistatu
- karistatus
- karistus