kimšti

Lithuanian

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *kimśtei (“to cram”), apparently from a Proto-Indo-European *k⁽ʷ⁾emḱ- (“to cram”), but without any known cognates outside of Balto-Slavic. Cognate with Proto-Slavic *čę̑stъ (“frequent, dense”) (whence Polish częsty (“id”));^[1] the past passive participle form of this verb, kim̃štas, is particularly close in form to the Slavic cognates.^[2]

Pronunciation

Verb

kim̃šti (third-person present tense kem̃ša, third-person past tense kim̃šo)

(transitive) to stuff, to cram, to fill^[3]
kimšti dešras - to stuff sausages

Conjugation

Conjugation of *kimšti*
		1^st person	2^nd person	3^rd person	1^st person	2^nd person	3^rd person
		singular vienaskaita			plural daugiskaita
		aš	tu	jis/ji	mes	jūs	jie/jos
indicative tiesioginė nuosaka	present esamasis laikas	kemšù	kemši̇̀	kem̃ša	kem̃šame, kem̃šam	kem̃šate, kem̃šat	kem̃ša
	past būtasis kartinis laikas	kimšaũ	kimšai̇̃	kim̃šo	kim̃šome, kim̃šom	kim̃šote, kim̃šot	kim̃šo
	past frequentative būtasis dažninis laikas	kim̃šdavau	kim̃šdavai	kim̃šdavo	kim̃šdavome, kim̃šdavom	kim̃šdavote, kim̃šdavot	kim̃šdavo
	future būsimasis laikas	kim̃šiu	kim̃ši	kim̃š	kim̃šime, kim̃šim	kim̃šite, kim̃šit	kim̃š
subjunctive tariamoji nuosaka		kim̃ščiau	kim̃štum	kim̃štų	kim̃štumėme, kim̃štumėm, kim̃štume	kim̃štumėte, kim̃štumėt	kim̃štų
imperative liepiamoji nuosaka		—	kim̃šk, kim̃ški	tekem̃ša	kim̃škime, kim̃škim	kim̃škite, kim̃škit	tekem̃ša

Participles of kimšti

adjectival (dalyviai)
	active	passive
present	kem̃šąs, kem̃šantis	kem̃šomas
past	kim̃šęs	kim̃štas
past frequentative	kim̃šdavęs	—
future	kim̃šiąs, kim̃šiantis	kim̃šimas
participle of necessity	—	kim̃štinas

adverbial
special pusdalyvis		kim̃šdamas
half-participle padalyviai	present	kem̃šant
	past	kim̃šus
	past frequentative	kim̃šdavus
	future	kim̃šiant
manner of action būdinys		kimštè, kimštinai

Derived terms

(Nouns)

(verbal noun) kimši̇̀mas m

(Verbs)

(reflexive) kimštis

Related terms

(Verbs)

kamšyti
kišti

(Nouns)

kamštis m

Participle

kimšti̇̀ (past passive)

nominative masculine plural of kimštas

References

^ Derksen, Rick (2015) “kimšti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 244
^ Brückner, Aleksander (1927) “częsty”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish), Warsaw: Wiedza Powszechna, page 78
^ “kimšti” in Martsinkyavitshute, Victoria (1993), Hippocrene Concise Dictionary: Lithuanian-English/English-Lithuanian. New York: Hippocrene Books. →ISBN

[1] Derksen, Rick (2015) “kimšti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 244

[2] Brückner, Aleksander (1927) “częsty”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish), Warsaw: Wiedza Powszechna, page 78

[3] “kimšti” in Martsinkyavitshute, Victoria (1993), Hippocrene Concise Dictionary: Lithuanian-English/English-Lithuanian. New York: Hippocrene Books. →ISBN

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