Egyptian
Pronunciation
- (reconstructed) IPA(key): /kaˈmam/ → /kaˈmam/ → /kəˈmam/ → /kəˈmam/
Verb
2ae gem.
- (intransitive) to be(come) black
Inflection
Conjugation of kmm (second geminate / 2ae gem. / II. gem.) — base stem: km, geminated stem: kmm
| infinitival forms
|
imperative
|
| infinitive
|
negatival complement
|
complementary infinitive1
|
singular
|
plural
|
kmm8
|
kmm
|
kmmt
|
kmm, km
|
kmm, km
|
| ‘pseudoverbal’ forms
|
| stative stem
|
periphrastic imperfective2
|
periphrastic prospective2
|
kmm, km
|
ḥr kmm
|
m kmm
|
r kmm
|
| suffix conjugation
|
| aspect / mood
|
active
|
contingent
|
| aspect / mood
|
active
|
| perfect
|
kmm.n, km.n
|
consecutive
|
km.jn
|
| terminative
|
kmmt
|
| perfective3
|
km
|
obligative1
|
kmm.ḫr
|
| imperfective
|
kmm
|
| prospective3
|
kmm
|
potentialis1
|
km.kꜣ
|
| subjunctive
|
km
|
| verbal adjectives
|
| aspect / mood
|
relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms
|
participles
|
| active
|
active
|
passive
|
| perfect
|
km.n
|
—
|
—
|
| perfective
|
km
|
km
|
km, kmw5, kmy5
|
| imperfective
|
kmm, kmmy, kmmw5
|
kmm, kmmj6, kmmy6
|
kmm, kmmw5
|
| prospective
|
km, kmtj7
|
kmmtj4, kmmt4
|
1 Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
2 Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
3 Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
4 Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn.
5 Only in the masculine singular.
6 Only in the masculine.
7 Only in the feminine.
8 km before suffix pronouns.
|
This verb is almost exclusively used in its non-geminated forms; that it is a second-geminate verb kmm rather than a biliteral km is deduced from its Coptic descendants.
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of kmm
|
|
|
|
|
| km
|
km
|
km
|
km
|
|
|
[since the Amarna Period]
|
[since the 18th Dynasty]
|
[since the 18th Dynasty]
|
These writings all represent non-geminated forms; see the note under ‘Inflection’ above.
Derived terms
Descendants
- Bohairic Coptic: ⲭⲙⲟⲙ (khmom)
- Fayyumic Coptic: ⲕⲙⲁⲙ (kmam)
- Sahidic Coptic: ⲕⲙⲟⲙ (kmom)
References
- Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1931) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache[1], volume 5, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 122–124.8
- Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, page 286
- ^ Loprieno, Antonio (1995) Ancient Egyptian: A Linguistic Introduction, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 88