kraštas
Lithuanian
Etymology
Cognate with Latvian krasts (“coast, brink”), Latgalian krosts (“coast, brink”), with further origin disputed:
- Buga and Smoczynski derive the word from an o-grade of the root kreš- found in krešė́ti (“to coagulate, clot and dry”).[1] The semantic link is perhaps that the edge or "shore" of a country near water is "dried up" compared to the waters it is surrounded by.
- However, Endzelin and Fraenkel are skeptical of the semantics of the above derivation, with the latter instead deriving the word from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker-t- (“to cut off, separate”).[2] This is supported by Minissi and Toporov.[3]
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈkr̺äʃ.t̪ɐs̪]
Noun
krãštas m (plural kraštai̇̃) stress pattern 4
- rim, brim
- Synonym: pakraštys
- edge, extremity
- land, country
- Synonym: šalis
- shore, bank
- Synonym: krantas
- side
Declension
| singular (vienaskaita) |
plural (daugiskaita) | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative (vardininkas) | krãštas | kraštai̇̃ |
| genitive (kilmininkas) | krãšto | kraštų̃ |
| dative (naudininkas) | krãštui | kraštáms |
| accusative (galininkas) | krãštą | kraštùs |
| instrumental (įnagininkas) | kraštù | kraštai̇̃s |
| locative (vietininkas) | kraštè | kraštuosè |
| vocative (šauksmininkas) | krãšte | kraštai̇̃ |
References
- ^ Smoczyński, Wojciech (2007) “krãštas”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka litewskiego[1] (in Polish), Vilnius: Uniwersytet Wileński, page 308
- ^ Fraenkel, Ernst (1955, 1962–1965) “krãštas”, in Litauisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, volume I, Heidelberg-Göttingen: Carl Winter and Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, page 289
- ^ “kraštas”, in Lietuvių kalbos etimologinio žodyno duomenų bazė [Lithuanian etymological dictionary database], 2007–2012