kutuk
Indonesian
Etymology
Inherited from Malay kutuk. (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation
- (Standard Indonesian)
- IPA(key): /ˈkutuʔ/ [ˈku.t̪ʊʔ]
- Rhymes: -utuʔ
- IPA(key): /ˈkutuk/ [ˈku.t̪ʊk̚]
- Rhymes: -utuk
- IPA(key): /ˈkutuʔ/ [ˈku.t̪ʊʔ]
- Syllabification: ku‧tuk
Verb
kutuk (active mengutuk, passive dikutuk)
- (transitive) to curse (to call upon divine or supernatural power to send injury upon)
Noun
kutuk
Derived terms
- keterkutukan (“cursedness”)
- kutukan (“curse”)
- kutuki (“to curse”)
- terkutuk (“cursed”)
Further reading
- “kutuk” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
Malay
Etymology
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation
- (Johor-Selangor) IPA(key): /kutoʔ/
- (Riau-Lingga) IPA(key): /kutʊʔ/
- Rhymes: -utoʔ, -toʔ, -oʔ
- Rhymes: -uk
Noun
kutuk (Jawi spelling کوتوق, plural kutuk-kutuk)
Synonyms
Derived terms
Descendants
- Indonesian: kutuk
Further reading
- “kutuk” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.
Old Tupi
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /kuˈtuk/
- Rhymes: -uk
- Hyphenation: ku‧tuk
Etymology 1
Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *kutuk, from Proto-Tupian *kutuk.
Verb
kutuk (first-person singular active indicative aîkutuk, first-person singular negative active indicative n'aîkutuki, noun kutuka) (transitive)
- to pierce; to puncture
- 1618, Antônio de Araújo, chapter XI, in Cateciſmo na Lingoa Braſilica [Catechism in the Brazilian Language], Livro Terceiro do Cathecismo, e summa da Doctrina Christam [… ] (overall work in Old Tupi, Portuguese, and Latin), Lisbon: Pedro Crasbeeck, page 64:
- Itámina pupê y îquê cutuc-i.
- [Itamina pupé iî yké kutuki.]
- With a lance he pierced his side.
Conjugation
Conjugation of kutuk (transitive, consonant ending) (See Appendix:Old Tupi verbs)
Note: not all forms are attested, most of the table is reconstructed based on known patterns.
| Causative | kutukukar | |||||
| Causative-comitative | erokutuk | |||||
| Reflexive | îekutuk | |||||
| Deverbals | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| -ba'e | oîkutukyba'e | |||||
| emi- | emingutuka / mingutuka | |||||
| -pyr(a) | i kutukypyra | |||||
| -sab(a) | kutukaba | |||||
| -sar(a) | kutukara | |||||
| Singular | Singular & Plural | Plural | ||||
| 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person exclusive | 1st person inclusive | 2nd person | |
| Verbal forms | ||||||
| Active | ||||||
| Indicative | aîkutuk | ereîkutuk | oîkutuk | oroîkutuk | îaîkutuk | peîkutuk |
| Permissive | t'aîkutuk | t'ereîkutuk | t'oîkutuk | t'oroîkutuk | t'îaîkutuk | ta peîkutuk |
| Imperative | eîkutuk | peîkutuk | ||||
| Negative indicative | n'aîkutuki | n'ereîkutuki | n'oîkutuki | n'oroîkutuki | n'îaîkutuki | na peîkutuki |
| Negative permissive | t'aîkutuk umẽ | t'ereîkutuk umẽ | t'oîkutuk umẽ | t'oroîkutuk umẽ | t'îaîkutuk umẽ | ta peîkutuk umẽ |
| Negative imperative | eîkutuk umẽ | peîkutuk umẽ | ||||
| Nominal forms | ||||||
| Infinitive | ||||||
| Affirmative | kutuka | |||||
| Negative | kutuke'yma | |||||
| Gerund | ||||||
| Affirmative | xe kutuka | nde kutuka | i kutuka | oré kutuka | îandé kutuka | pe kutuka |
| Negative | xe kutuke'yma | nde kutuke'yma | i kutuke'yma | oré kutuke'yma | îandé kutuke'yma | pe kutuke'yma |
| Circumstantial | ||||||
| Affirmative | xe kutuki | i kutuki | oré kutuki | îandé kutuki | ||
| Negative | xe kutuke'ymi | i kutuke'ymi | oré kutuke'ymi | îandé kutuke'ymi | ||
Descendants
- ⇒ Brazilian Portuguese: cutucar
Etymology 2
Verb
kutuk (first-person singular active indicative aîkutuk, first-person singular negative active indicative n'aîkutuki, noun kutuka) (transitive)
- alternative form of kytyk
References
- Eduardo de Almeida Navarro (2013) “kutuk”, in Dicionário de tupi antigo: a língua indígena clássica do Brasil [Dictionary of Old Tupi: The Classical Indigenous Language of Brazil] (overall work in Portuguese), São Paulo: Global, →ISBN, page 246, column 2
Zazaki
Noun
kutuk