landela
Fanagalo
Etymology
Verb
landela
- to follow
Southern Ndebele
Verb
-lándela
- to follow
Inflection
This verb needs an inflection-table template.
Xhosa
Etymology
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Verb
-lándela
- (transitive) to follow
Inflection
This verb needs an inflection-table template.
Zulu
Etymology
Verb
-landela
- (transitive) to follow, to follow after
- (transitive) to follow the example of
- (transitive) to obey, to observe, to honor
- (transitive) to recite
- (intransitive) to follow, to be next
Inflection
| positive | negative | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | ukulandela | ukungalandeli | ||||
| imperative | ||||||
| simple | + object concord | |||||
| singular | landela | -landele | ||||
| plural | landelani | -landeleni | ||||
| present | ||||||
| positive absolute | positive relative | positive participial | negative absolute | negative relative | negative participial | |
| 1st singular | ngiyalandela, ngilandela | engilandelayo, engilandela | ngilandela | angilandeli | engingalandeli | ngingalandeli |
| 2nd singular | uyalandela, ulandela | olandelayo, olandela | ulandela | awulandeli | ongalandeli | ungalandeli |
| 1st plural | siyalandela, silandela | esilandelayo, esilandela | silandela | asilandeli | esingalandeli | singalandeli |
| 2nd plural | niyalandela, nilandela | enilandelayo, enilandela | nilandela | anilandeli | eningalandeli | ningalandeli |
| class 1 | uyalandela, ulandela | olandelayo, olandela | elandela | akalandeli | ongalandeli | engalandeli |
| class 2 | bayalandela, balandela | abalandelayo, abalandela | belandela | abalandeli | abangalandeli | bengalandeli |
| class 3 | uyalandela, ulandela | olandelayo, olandela | ulandela | awulandeli | ongalandeli | ungalandeli |
| class 4 | iyalandela, ilandela | elandelayo, elandela | ilandela | ayilandeli | engalandeli | ingalandeli |
| class 5 | liyalandela, lilandela | elilandelayo, elilandela | lilandela | alilandeli | elingalandeli | lingalandeli |
| class 6 | ayalandela, alandela | alandelayo, alandela | elandela | awalandeli | angalandeli | engalandeli |
| class 7 | siyalandela, silandela | esilandelayo, esilandela | silandela | asilandeli | esingalandeli | singalandeli |
| class 8 | ziyalandela, zilandela | ezilandelayo, ezilandela | zilandela | azilandeli | ezingalandeli | zingalandeli |
| class 9 | iyalandela, ilandela | elandelayo, elandela | ilandela | ayilandeli | engalandeli | ingalandeli |
| class 10 | ziyalandela, zilandela | ezilandelayo, ezilandela | zilandela | azilandeli | ezingalandeli | zingalandeli |
| class 11 | luyalandela, lulandela | olulandelayo, olulandela | lulandela | alulandeli | olungalandeli | lungalandeli |
| class 14 | buyalandela, bulandela | obulandelayo, obulandela | bulandela | abulandeli | obungalandeli | bungalandeli |
| class 15 | kuyalandela, kulandela | okulandelayo, okulandela | kulandela | akulandeli | okungalandeli | kungalandeli |
| class 17 | kuyalandela, kulandela | okulandelayo, okulandela | kulandela | akulandeli | okungalandeli | kungalandeli |
| recent past | ||||||
| positive absolute | positive relative | positive participial | negative absolute | negative relative | negative participial | |
| 1st singular | ngilandelile, ngilandelē | engilandelile, engilandelē | ngilandelile, ngilandelē | angilandelanga | engingalandelanga | ngingalandelanga |
| 2nd singular | ulandelile, ulandelē | olandelile, olandelē | ulandelile, ulandelē | awulandelanga | ongalandelanga | ungalandelanga |
| 1st plural | silandelile, silandelē | esilandelile, esilandelē | silandelile, silandelē | asilandelanga | esingalandelanga | singalandelanga |
| 2nd plural | nilandelile, nilandelē | enilandelile, enilandelē | nilandelile, nilandelē | anilandelanga | eningalandelanga | ningalandelanga |
| class 1 | ulandelile, ulandelē | olandelile, olandelē | elandelile, elandelē | akalandelanga | ongalandelanga | engalandelanga |
| class 2 | balandelile, balandelē | abalandelile, abalandelē | belandelile, belandelē | abalandelanga | abangalandelanga | bengalandelanga |
| class 3 | ulandelile, ulandelē | olandelile, olandelē | ulandelile, ulandelē | awulandelanga | ongalandelanga | ungalandelanga |
| class 4 | ilandelile, ilandelē | elandelile, elandelē | ilandelile, ilandelē | ayilandelanga | engalandelanga | ingalandelanga |
| class 5 | lilandelile, lilandelē | elilandelile, elilandelē | lilandelile, lilandelē | alilandelanga | elingalandelanga | lingalandelanga |
| class 6 | alandelile, alandelē | alandelile, alandelē | elandelile, elandelē | awalandelanga | angalandelanga | engalandelanga |
| class 7 | silandelile, silandelē | esilandelile, esilandelē | silandelile, silandelē | asilandelanga | esingalandelanga | singalandelanga |
| class 8 | zilandelile, zilandelē | ezilandelile, ezilandelē | zilandelile, zilandelē | azilandelanga | ezingalandelanga | zingalandelanga |
| class 9 | ilandelile, ilandelē | elandelile, elandelē | ilandelile, ilandelē | ayilandelanga | engalandelanga | ingalandelanga |
| class 10 | zilandelile, zilandelē | ezilandelile, ezilandelē | zilandelile, zilandelē | azilandelanga | ezingalandelanga | zingalandelanga |
| class 11 | lulandelile, lulandelē | olulandelile, olulandelē | lulandelile, lulandelē | alulandelanga | olungalandelanga | lungalandelanga |
| class 14 | bulandelile, bulandelē | obulandelile, obulandelē | bulandelile, bulandelē | abulandelanga | obungalandelanga | bungalandelanga |
| class 15 | kulandelile, kulandelē | okulandelile, okulandelē | kulandelile, kulandelē | akulandelanga | okungalandelanga | kungalandelanga |
| class 17 | kulandelile, kulandelē | okulandelile, okulandelē | kulandelile, kulandelē | akulandelanga | okungalandelanga | kungalandelanga |
| remote past | ||||||
| positive absolute | positive relative | positive participial | negative absolute | negative relative | negative participial | |
| 1st singular | ngālandela | engālandela | ngālandela | angilandelanga | engingalandelanga | ngingalandelanga |
| 2nd singular | wālandela | owālandela | wālandela | awulandelanga | ongalandelanga | ungalandelanga |
| 1st plural | sālandela | esālandela | sālandela | asilandelanga | esingalandelanga | singalandelanga |
| 2nd plural | nālandela | enālandela | nālandela | anilandelanga | eningalandelanga | ningalandelanga |
| class 1 | wālandela | owālandela | ālandela | akalandelanga | ongalandelanga | engalandelanga |
| class 2 | bālandela | abālandela | bālandela | abalandelanga | abangalandelanga | bengalandelanga |
| class 3 | wālandela | owālandela | wālandela | awulandelanga | ongalandelanga | ungalandelanga |
| class 4 | yālandela | eyālandela | yālandela | ayilandelanga | engalandelanga | ingalandelanga |
| class 5 | lālandela | elālandela | lālandela | alilandelanga | elingalandelanga | lingalandelanga |
| class 6 | ālandela | ālandela | ālandela | awalandelanga | angalandelanga | engalandelanga |
| class 7 | sālandela | esālandela | sālandela | asilandelanga | esingalandelanga | singalandelanga |
| class 8 | zālandela | ezālandela | zālandela | azilandelanga | ezingalandelanga | zingalandelanga |
| class 9 | yālandela | eyālandela | yālandela | ayilandelanga | engalandelanga | ingalandelanga |
| class 10 | zālandela | ezālandela | zālandela | azilandelanga | ezingalandelanga | zingalandelanga |
| class 11 | lwālandela | olwālandela | lwālandela | alulandelanga | olungalandelanga | lungalandelanga |
| class 14 | bālandela | obālandela | bālandela | abulandelanga | obungalandelanga | bungalandelanga |
| class 15 | kwālandela | okwālandela | kwālandela | akulandelanga | okungalandelanga | kungalandelanga |
| class 17 | kwālandela | okwālandela | kwālandela | akulandelanga | okungalandelanga | kungalandelanga |
| potential | ||||||
| positive absolute | positive relative | positive participial | negative absolute | negative relative | negative participial | |
| 1st singular | ngingalandela | — | ngingalandela | ngingelandele | — | ngingelandele |
| 2nd singular | ungalandela | — | ungalandela | ungelandele | — | ungelandele |
| 1st plural | singalandela | — | singalandela | singelandele | — | singelandele |
| 2nd plural | ningalandela | — | ningalandela | ningelandele | — | ningelandele |
| class 1 | angalandela | — | engalandela | angelandele | — | engelandele |
| class 2 | bangalandela | — | bengalandela | bangelandele | — | bengelandele |
| class 3 | ungalandela | — | ungalandela | ungelandele | — | ungelandele |
| class 4 | ingalandela | — | ingalandela | ingelandele | — | ingelandele |
| class 5 | lingalandela | — | lingalandela | lingelandele | — | lingelandele |
| class 6 | angalandela | — | engalandela | angelandele | — | engelandele |
| class 7 | singalandela | — | singalandela | singelandele | — | singelandele |
| class 8 | zingalandela | — | zingalandela | zingelandele | — | zingelandele |
| class 9 | ingalandela | — | ingalandela | ingelandele | — | ingelandele |
| class 10 | zingalandela | — | zingalandela | zingelandele | — | zingelandele |
| class 11 | lungalandela | — | lungalandela | lungelandele | — | lungelandele |
| class 14 | bungalandela | — | bungalandela | bungelandele | — | bungelandele |
| class 15 | kungalandela | — | kungalandela | kungelandele | — | kungelandele |
| class 17 | kungalandela | — | kungalandela | kungelandele | — | kungelandele |
| immediate future | ||||||
| positive absolute | positive relative | positive participial | negative absolute | negative relative | negative participial | |
| 1st singular | ngizolandela | engizolandela | ngizolandela | angizulandela | engingezulandela | ngingezulandela |
| 2nd singular | uzolandela | ozolandela | uzolandela | awuzulandela | ongezulandela | ungezulandela |
| 1st plural | sizolandela | esizolandela | sizolandela | asizulandela | esingezulandela | singezulandela |
| 2nd plural | nizolandela | enizolandela | nizolandela | anizulandela | eningezulandela | ningezulandela |
| class 1 | uzolandela | ozolandela | ezolandela | akazulandela | ongezulandela | engezulandela |
| class 2 | bazolandela | abazolandela | bezolandela | abazulandela | abangezulandela | bengezulandela |
| class 3 | uzolandela | ozolandela | uzolandela | awuzulandela | ongezulandela | ungezulandela |
| class 4 | izolandela | ezolandela | izolandela | ayizulandela | engezulandela | ingezulandela |
| class 5 | lizolandela | elizolandela | lizolandela | alizulandela | elingezulandela | lingezulandela |
| class 6 | azolandela | azolandela | ezolandela | awazulandela | angezulandela | engezulandela |
| class 7 | sizolandela | esizolandela | sizolandela | asizulandela | esingezulandela | singezulandela |
| class 8 | zizolandela | ezizolandela | zizolandela | azizulandela | ezingezulandela | zingezulandela |
| class 9 | izolandela | ezolandela | izolandela | ayizulandela | engezulandela | ingezulandela |
| class 10 | zizolandela | ezizolandela | zizolandela | azizulandela | ezingezulandela | zingezulandela |
| class 11 | luzolandela | oluzolandela | luzolandela | aluzulandela | olungezulandela | lungezulandela |
| class 14 | buzolandela | obuzolandela | buzolandela | abuzulandela | obungezulandela | bungezulandela |
| class 15 | kuzolandela | okuzolandela | kuzolandela | akuzulandela | okungezulandela | kungezulandela |
| class 17 | kuzolandela | okuzolandela | kuzolandela | akuzulandela | okungezulandela | kungezulandela |
| remote future | ||||||
| positive absolute | positive relative | positive participial | negative absolute | negative relative | negative participial | |
| 1st singular | ngiyolandela | engiyolandela | ngiyolandela | angiyulandela | engingeyulandela | ngingeyulandela |
| 2nd singular | uyolandela | oyolandela | uyolandela | awuyulandela | ongeyulandela | ungeyulandela |
| 1st plural | siyolandela | esiyolandela | siyolandela | asiyulandela | esingeyulandela | singeyulandela |
| 2nd plural | niyolandela | eniyolandela | niyolandela | aniyulandela | eningeyulandela | ningeyulandela |
| class 1 | uyolandela | oyolandela | eyolandela | akayulandela | ongeyulandela | engeyulandela |
| class 2 | bayolandela | abayolandela | beyolandela | abayulandela | abangeyulandela | bengeyulandela |
| class 3 | uyolandela | oyolandela | uyolandela | awuyulandela | ongeyulandela | ungeyulandela |
| class 4 | iyolandela | eyolandela | iyolandela | ayiyulandela | engeyulandela | ingeyulandela |
| class 5 | liyolandela | eliyolandela | liyolandela | aliyulandela | elingeyulandela | lingeyulandela |
| class 6 | ayolandela | ayolandela | eyolandela | awayulandela | angeyulandela | engeyulandela |
| class 7 | siyolandela | esiyolandela | siyolandela | asiyulandela | esingeyulandela | singeyulandela |
| class 8 | ziyolandela | eziyolandela | ziyolandela | aziyulandela | ezingeyulandela | zingeyulandela |
| class 9 | iyolandela | eyolandela | iyolandela | ayiyulandela | engeyulandela | ingeyulandela |
| class 10 | ziyolandela | eziyolandela | ziyolandela | aziyulandela | ezingeyulandela | zingeyulandela |
| class 11 | luyolandela | oluyolandela | luyolandela | aluyulandela | olungeyulandela | lungeyulandela |
| class 14 | buyolandela | obuyolandela | buyolandela | abuyulandela | obungeyulandela | bungeyulandela |
| class 15 | kuyolandela | okuyolandela | kuyolandela | akuyulandela | okungeyulandela | kungeyulandela |
| class 17 | kuyolandela | okuyolandela | kuyolandela | akuyulandela | okungeyulandela | kungeyulandela |
| present subjunctive | ||||||
| positive | negative | |||||
| 1st singular | ngilandele | ngingalandeli | ||||
| 2nd singular | ulandele | ungalandeli | ||||
| 1st plural | silandele | singalandeli | ||||
| 2nd plural | nilandele | ningalandeli | ||||
| class 1 | alandele | angalandeli | ||||
| class 2 | balandele | bangalandeli | ||||
| class 3 | ulandele | ungalandeli | ||||
| class 4 | ilandele | ingalandeli | ||||
| class 5 | lilandele | lingalandeli | ||||
| class 6 | alandele | angalandeli | ||||
| class 7 | silandele | singalandeli | ||||
| class 8 | zilandele | zingalandeli | ||||
| class 9 | ilandele | ingalandeli | ||||
| class 10 | zilandele | zingalandeli | ||||
| class 11 | lulandele | lungalandeli | ||||
| class 14 | bulandele | bungalandeli | ||||
| class 15 | kulandele | kungalandeli | ||||
| class 17 | kulandele | kungalandeli | ||||
| past subjunctive | ||||||
| positive | negative | |||||
| 1st singular | ngalandela | ngangalandela, angalandela, angangalandela | ||||
| 2nd singular | walandela | wangalandela, awalandela, awangalandela | ||||
| 1st plural | salandela | sangalandela, asalandela, asangalandela | ||||
| 2nd plural | nalandela | nangalandela, analandela, anangalandela | ||||
| class 1 | walandela | wangalandela, akalandela, akangalandela | ||||
| class 2 | balandela | bangalandela, abalandela, abangalandela | ||||
| class 3 | walandela | wangalandela, awalandela, awangalandela | ||||
| class 4 | yalandela | yangalandela, ayalandela, ayangalandela | ||||
| class 5 | lalandela | langalandela, alalandela, alangalandela | ||||
| class 6 | alandela | angalandela, awalandela, awangalandela | ||||
| class 7 | salandela | sangalandela, asalandela, asangalandela | ||||
| class 8 | zalandela | zangalandela, azalandela, azangalandela | ||||
| class 9 | yalandela | yangalandela, ayalandela, ayangalandela | ||||
| class 10 | zalandela | zangalandela, azalandela, azangalandela | ||||
| class 11 | lwalandela | lwangalandela, alwalandela, alwangalandela | ||||
| class 14 | balandela | bangalandela, abalandela, abangalandela | ||||
| class 15 | kwalandela | kwangalandela, akwalandela, akwangalandela | ||||
| class 17 | kwalandela | kwangalandela, akwalandela, akwangalandela | ||||
References
- C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “landela”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “landela (3.2.9)”