Old Norse
Etymology 1
From Proto-Germanic *lifnaną, *lifnōną. Cognates include Gothic *𐌻𐌹𐍆𐌽𐌰𐌽 (*lifnan).
Verb
lifna
- to be left
Conjugation
Conjugation of lifna — active (weak class 2)
| infinitive
|
lifna
|
| present participle
|
lifnandi
|
| past participle
|
lifnaðr
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
indicative
|
|
subjunctive
|
|
|
present
|
past
|
present
|
past
|
| 1st person singular
|
lifna
|
lifnaða
|
lifna
|
lifnaða
|
| 2nd person singular
|
lifnar
|
lifnaðir
|
lifnir
|
lifnaðir
|
| 3rd person singular
|
lifnar
|
lifnaði
|
lifni
|
lifnaði
|
| 1st person plural
|
lifnum
|
lifnuðum
|
lifnim
|
lifnaðim
|
| 2nd person plural
|
lifnið
|
lifnuðuð
|
lifnið
|
lifnaðið
|
| 3rd person plural
|
lifna
|
lifnuðu
|
lifni
|
lifnaði
|
|
|
|
| imperative
|
present
|
| 2nd person singular
|
lifna
|
| 1st person plural
|
lifnum
|
| 2nd person plural
|
lifnið
|
Conjugation of lifna — mediopassive (weak class 2)
| infinitive
|
lifnask
|
| present participle
|
lifnandisk
|
| past participle
|
lifnazk
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
indicative
|
|
subjunctive
|
|
|
present
|
past
|
present
|
past
|
| 1st person singular
|
lifnumk
|
lifnuðumk
|
lifnumk
|
lifnuðumk
|
| 2nd person singular
|
lifnask
|
lifnaðisk
|
lifnisk
|
lifnaðisk
|
| 3rd person singular
|
lifnask
|
lifnaðisk
|
lifnisk
|
lifnaðisk
|
| 1st person plural
|
lifnumsk
|
lifnuðumsk
|
lifnimsk
|
lifnaðimsk
|
| 2nd person plural
|
lifnizk
|
lifnuðuzk
|
lifnizk
|
lifnaðizk
|
| 3rd person plural
|
lifnask
|
lifnuðusk
|
lifnisk
|
lifnaðisk
|
|
|
|
| imperative
|
present
|
| 2nd person singular
|
lifnask
|
| 1st person plural
|
lifnumsk
|
| 2nd person plural
|
lifnizk
|
Descendants
- Icelandic: lifna (“to be left”) (obsolete)
- Norwegian Bokmål: livne
- Old Swedish: limna, lifna
- Old Danish: leffnæ
- Danish: levne (“to leave”)
- → Norwegian Bokmål: levne
Etymology 2
From lifa + -na.
Verb
lifna
- to come to life
- to revive
Conjugation
Conjugation of lifna — active (weak class 2)
| infinitive
|
lifna
|
| present participle
|
lifnandi
|
| past participle
|
lifnaðr
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
indicative
|
|
subjunctive
|
|
|
present
|
past
|
present
|
past
|
| 1st person singular
|
lifna
|
lifnaða
|
lifna
|
lifnaða
|
| 2nd person singular
|
lifnar
|
lifnaðir
|
lifnir
|
lifnaðir
|
| 3rd person singular
|
lifnar
|
lifnaði
|
lifni
|
lifnaði
|
| 1st person plural
|
lifnum
|
lifnuðum
|
lifnim
|
lifnaðim
|
| 2nd person plural
|
lifnið
|
lifnuðuð
|
lifnið
|
lifnaðið
|
| 3rd person plural
|
lifna
|
lifnuðu
|
lifni
|
lifnaði
|
|
|
|
| imperative
|
present
|
| 2nd person singular
|
lifna
|
| 1st person plural
|
lifnum
|
| 2nd person plural
|
lifnið
|
Conjugation of lifna — mediopassive (weak class 2)
| infinitive
|
lifnask
|
| present participle
|
lifnandisk
|
| past participle
|
lifnazk
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
indicative
|
|
subjunctive
|
|
|
present
|
past
|
present
|
past
|
| 1st person singular
|
lifnumk
|
lifnuðumk
|
lifnumk
|
lifnuðumk
|
| 2nd person singular
|
lifnask
|
lifnaðisk
|
lifnisk
|
lifnaðisk
|
| 3rd person singular
|
lifnask
|
lifnaðisk
|
lifnisk
|
lifnaðisk
|
| 1st person plural
|
lifnumsk
|
lifnuðumsk
|
lifnimsk
|
lifnaðimsk
|
| 2nd person plural
|
lifnizk
|
lifnuðuzk
|
lifnizk
|
lifnaðizk
|
| 3rd person plural
|
lifnask
|
lifnuðusk
|
lifnisk
|
lifnaðisk
|
|
|
|
| imperative
|
present
|
| 2nd person singular
|
lifnask
|
| 1st person plural
|
lifnumsk
|
| 2nd person plural
|
lifnizk
|
Descendants
Further reading
- Zoëga, Geir T. (1910) “lifna”, in A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press; also available at the Internet Archive