lucubro

Latin

FWOTD – 9 October 2016

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *lewk-o-dʰro-, which is derived from Proto-Indo-European *lewk-. Cognate to lūx (“light”) and lūceō (“I am light”).

Pronunciation

Verb

lūcubrō (present infinitive lūcubrāre, perfect active lūcubrāvī, supine lūcubrātum); first conjugation

  1. (intransitive) to work at night or by candlelight or lamplight, lucubrate
  2. (transitive) to make, produce or compose at night, candlelight or lamplight

Usage notes

  • In ordinary Classical Latin pronunciation, when the cluster br occurs intervocalically at a syllabic boundary (denoted in pronunciatory transcriptions by ⟨.⟩), both consonants are considered to belong to the latter syllable; if the former syllable contains only a short vowel (and not a long vowel or a diphthong), then it is a light syllable. Where the two syllables under consideration are a word's penult and antepenult, this has a bearing on stress, because a word whose penult is a heavy syllable is stressed on that syllable, whereas one whose penult is a light syllable is stressed on the antepenult instead. In poetic usage, where syllabic weight and stress are important for metrical reasons, writers sometimes regard the b in such a sequence as belonging to the former syllable; in this case, doing so alters the word's stress. For more words whose stress can be varied poetically, see their category.

Conjugation

   Conjugation of lūcubrō (first conjugation)
indicative singular plural
first second third first second third
active present lūcubrō lūcubrās lūcubrat lūcubrāmus lūcubrātis lūcubrant
imperfect lūcubrābam lūcubrābās lūcubrābat lūcubrābāmus lūcubrābātis lūcubrābant
future lūcubrābō lūcubrābis lūcubrābit lūcubrābimus lūcubrābitis lūcubrābunt
perfect lūcubrāvī lūcubrāvistī lūcubrāvit lūcubrāvimus lūcubrāvistis lūcubrāvērunt,
lūcubrāvēre
pluperfect lūcubrāveram lūcubrāverās lūcubrāverat lūcubrāverāmus lūcubrāverātis lūcubrāverant
future perfect lūcubrāverō lūcubrāveris lūcubrāverit lūcubrāverimus lūcubrāveritis lūcubrāverint
passive present lūcubror lūcubrāris,
lūcubrāre 		lūcubrātur lūcubrāmur lūcubrāminī lūcubrantur
imperfect lūcubrābar lūcubrābāris,
lūcubrābāre 		lūcubrābātur lūcubrābāmur lūcubrābāminī lūcubrābantur
future lūcubrābor lūcubrāberis,
lūcubrābere 		lūcubrābitur lūcubrābimur lūcubrābiminī lūcubrābuntur
perfect lūcubrātus + present active indicative of sum
pluperfect lūcubrātus + imperfect active indicative of sum
future perfect lūcubrātus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive singular plural
first second third first second third
active present lūcubrem lūcubrēs lūcubret lūcubrēmus lūcubrētis lūcubrent
imperfect lūcubrārem lūcubrārēs lūcubrāret lūcubrārēmus lūcubrārētis lūcubrārent
perfect lūcubrāverim lūcubrāverīs lūcubrāverit lūcubrāverīmus lūcubrāverītis lūcubrāverint
pluperfect lūcubrāvissem lūcubrāvissēs lūcubrāvisset lūcubrāvissēmus lūcubrāvissētis lūcubrāvissent
passive present lūcubrer lūcubrēris,
lūcubrēre 		lūcubrētur lūcubrēmur lūcubrēminī lūcubrentur
imperfect lūcubrārer lūcubrārēris,
lūcubrārēre 		lūcubrārētur lūcubrārēmur lūcubrārēminī lūcubrārentur
perfect lūcubrātus + present active subjunctive of sum
pluperfect lūcubrātus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative singular plural
first second third first second third
active present — lūcubrā — — lūcubrāte —
future — lūcubrātō lūcubrātō — lūcubrātōte lūcubrantō
passive present — lūcubrāre — — lūcubrāminī —
future — lūcubrātor lūcubrātor — — lūcubrantor
non-finite forms infinitive participle
active passive active passive
present lūcubrāre lūcubrārī lūcubrāns —
future lūcubrātūrum esse lūcubrātum īrī lūcubrātūrus lūcubrandus
perfect lūcubrāvisse lūcubrātum esse — lūcubrātus
future perfect — lūcubrātum fore — —
perfect potential lūcubrātūrum fuisse — — —
verbal nouns gerund supine
genitive dative accusative ablative accusative ablative
lūcubrandī lūcubrandō lūcubrandum lūcubrandō lūcubrātum lūcubrātū

Derived terms

Descendants

  • Inherited:
    • > Portuguese: lobrigar (inherited)
  • Borrowings:
  • Uncertain derivations:

References

  • “lucubro”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • “lucubro”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • lucubro in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
  • Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
    • to work by night, burn the midnight oil: lucubrare (Liv. 1. 57)

Spanish

Verb

lucubro

  1. first-person singular present indicative of lucubrar
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