Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/lewk-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*lewk-^[1]

bright
to shine
to see

Derived terms

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *lewk- (69 c, 0 e)

*luk-tó (deponent root aorist)
- Proto-Anatolian:
  - Hittite: 𒇻𒊌𒅗𒊑 (lu-uk-ka-ri)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian:
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan:
    - Sanskrit: रुचान (rucāná, ptc.med.)
*léwk-e-tor (deponent)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ráwčatay
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ráwćatay
    - Sanskrit: रोचते (rócate)
  - Proto-Iranian: *ráwčatay
    - Central Iranian:
      - Avestan: 𐬭𐬀𐬊𐬗𐬀𐬥𐬙- (raocant-, “shining”)
      - Northern Luri: لٛںکر (łəker, “The white woman”)
*léwk-ye-ti
- Proto-Hellenic: *leúťťō
  - Ancient Greek: λεύσσω (leússō, “to look upon, I look upon”)
*luk-yé-ti (yé-present)^[2]
- Proto-Anatolian:
  - Hittite: 𒇻𒊌𒆠𒄑𒍣 (lu-uk-ki-ez-zi)
*lowk-éye-ti (causative)
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *láukīˀtei
  - Proto-Slavic: *lučìti (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *lawčáyati, *rawčáyati
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *lawćáyati, *rawćáyati
    - Sanskrit: लोचयति (locáyati), रोचयति (rocáyati, “to make shine, illuminate”)
  - Proto-Iranian: *rawčáyati
    - Avestan: 𐬭𐬀𐬊𐬗𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬈𐬌𐬙𐬌 (raocaiieⁱti, “to make shine”)
- Proto-Italic: *loukeō (see there for further descendants)
*lewk-éh₁-ye-ti (stative)
- Proto-Italic: *loukēō (see there for further descendants)
*léwk-s-t (sigmatic aorist)^[3]
- Proto-Armenian:
  - Old Armenian: *լոյց- (*loycʻ-)
    - ⇒ Old Armenian: լուցանեմ (lucʻanem)
      - Armenian: լուցել (lucʻel)
*le-lówk-e ~ *le-luk-ḗr (reduplicated perfect)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian:
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan:
    - Sanskrit: रुरोच (ruróca)
*léwk-s (“light”)
*luk-eh₂
- Proto-Hellenic: *lukā
  - Ancient Greek: (ἀμφι)λύκη ((amphi)lúkē), λυκά(βας) (luká(bas)), λυκό(φως) (lukó(phōs)), Λυκαῖος (Lukaîos), λύκειος (lúkeios)^[4]
*lowk-í-s
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *laukis
  - Old Prussian: luckis
  - Proto-Slavic: *lučь (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Germanic: *laugiz (“flame, blaze”) (see there for further descendants)
*léwk-mn̥
- Proto-Germanic: *leuhmô (see there for further descendants)
*luk-mó-s
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *rukmás
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *rukmás
    - Sanskrit: रुक्म (rukmá)
*lewk-ó-s
*lowk-ó-s (“open space, clearing”)
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *laukás
  - Latvian: lauks (“field”)
  - Lithuanian: laũkas (“field, open space”)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *lawkás
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *lawkás
    - Sanskrit: लोक (loká, “free space”) (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Italic: *loukos
  - Old Latin: loucos
    - Latin: lūcus (“sacred grove, wood”) (see there for further descendants)
*lówk-o-s
- Proto-Germanic: *lauhaz (“clearing, open space”) (see there for further descendants)
*lewk-o-dʰro- or *lewk-o-bʰro-?
- Proto-Italic: *loukoðro- or *loukoβro-
  - Latin: lūcubrō
*léwk-os ~ *léwk-es-os
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ráwčas (see there for further descendants)
*luk-s-ḱós
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *lukšás
  - Proto-Iranian: *luxšáh
    - Persian: لوخن (loxan, “moon”)
- Proto-Italic: *lukskos
  - Latin: luscus
*léwk-s-mn̥ ~ *luk-s-mén-s
- Proto-Italic: *louksmən
  - Latin: lūmen
*lowk-s-neh₂ (“moon”)
*lúk-s-no-s
- Proto-Hellenic: *lúkʰnos
  - Ancient Greek: λύχνος (lúkhnos)
*léwk-so-s
- Proto-Germanic: *leuhsaz, *leuhsą
*lowk-s-tro-m
- Proto-Italic: *loukstrom
  - Latin: lūstrum, lūstrō
*lewk-to-s
- Proto-Germanic: *leuhtaz, *leuhtą
Unsorted formations:
- >? Proto-Albanian: *leukā
  - Albanian: lekë
- Proto-Albanian: *laukura
  - Albanian: lakur (“naked”)
- Proto-Albanian: *lāuka
  - Albanian: loqe, gloq (“rheum”)
- Armenian:
  - Old Armenian: լուսանունք (lusanunkʻ)
    - Armenian: → լուսան (lusan) (learned), > (Karabakh) լո̈ւսէմնը (lüsēmnə) (inherited), > (Ghazakh) լիսամ (lisam) (inherited)
  - Old Armenian: լուսն (lusn)
    - Armenian: լուսն (lusn)
- >? Proto-Balto-Slavic: *lū́ˀśis
  - Latvian: lūsis (“lynx”)
  - Lithuanian: lūšis (“lynx”)
  - Proto-Slavic: *rỳsь (“lynx”) (see there for further descendants)
- Celtic:
  - Old Irish: luchair (“shine”)
  - Welsh: llug (“shimmer”)
- Proto-Celtic: *lukato-
  - Breton: lagad
  - Cornish: lagas
  - Welsh: llygad
- Proto-Germanic: *lugô (see there for further descendants)
- >? Proto-Germanic: *luhsaz (“lynx”) (see there for further descendants)
- >? Proto-Hellenic: *lúnks
  - Ancient Greek: λύγξ (lúnx, “lynx”)
- Proto-Italic:
  - Latin: lucerna

Descendants

Proto-Indo-Iranian:
- Proto-Indo-Aryan:
  - Sanskrit: रुच् (ruc)
Proto-Tocharian: *luk-
- Tocharian A: luk-
- Tocharian B: luk-

References

^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 418-419
^ Kloekhorst, Alwin (2008) Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 5), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 530-533
^ Martirosyan, Hrach (2010) Etymological Dictionary of the Armenian Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 8), Leiden and Boston: Brill, page 312
^ Cook, A. B. (1914) Zeus: A Study in Ancient Religion, volume I, Cambridge University Press, page 63

[LIV-1] Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 418-419

[2] Kloekhorst, Alwin (2008) Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 5), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 530-533

[3] Martirosyan, Hrach (2010) Etymological Dictionary of the Armenian Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 8), Leiden and Boston: Brill, page 312

[4] Cook, A. B. (1914) Zeus: A Study in Ancient Religion, volume I, Cambridge University Press, page 63

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[2]

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Proto-Indo-European

Root

Derived terms

Descendants

Further reading

References