martalék
Hungarian
Etymology
First attested in 1527. From the verb mar (“to bite”) + -alék (noun-forming suffix). Its original meaning was a piece of meat. The nature and function of the letter -t- inside the word is uncertain. It could be a participle suffix or a past-tense suffix. The phonetic form may have been influenced by martalóc.[1][2]
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈmɒrtɒleːk]
- Hyphenation: mar‧ta‧lék
- Rhymes: -eːk
Noun
martalék (plural martalékok)
- (archaic, literary) booty, plunder
- (literary, figuratively) prey, victim
- Synonym: áldozat
- A ház a lángok martaléka lett. ― The house was consumed by flames. (literally, “The house became the prey of flames.”)
Declension
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | martalék | martalékok |
| accusative | martalékot | martalékokat |
| dative | martaléknak | martalékoknak |
| instrumental | martalékkal | martalékokkal |
| causal-final | martalékért | martalékokért |
| translative | martalékká | martalékokká |
| terminative | martalékig | martalékokig |
| essive-formal | martalékként | martalékokként |
| essive-modal | martalékul | — |
| inessive | martalékban | martalékokban |
| superessive | martalékon | martalékokon |
| adessive | martaléknál | martalékoknál |
| illative | martalékba | martalékokba |
| sublative | martalékra | martalékokra |
| allative | martalékhoz | martalékokhoz |
| elative | martalékból | martalékokból |
| delative | martalékról | martalékokról |
| ablative | martaléktól | martalékoktól |
| non-attributive possessive – singular |
martaléké | martalékoké |
| non-attributive possessive – plural |
martalékéi | martalékokéi |
| possessor | single possession | multiple possessions |
|---|---|---|
| 1st person sing. | martalékom | martalékaim |
| 2nd person sing. | martalékod | martalékaid |
| 3rd person sing. | martaléka | martalékai |
| 1st person plural | martalékunk | martalékaink |
| 2nd person plural | martalékotok | martalékaitok |
| 3rd person plural | martalékuk | martalékaik |
References
- ^ martalék in Károly Gerstner, editor, Új magyar etimológiai szótár [New Etymological Dictionary of Hungarian] (ÚESz.), Online edition (beta version), Budapest: MTA Research Institute for Linguistics / Hungarian Research Centre for Linguistics, 2011–2024.
- ^ martalék in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN. (See also its 2nd edition.)
Further reading
- martalék in Géza Bárczi, László Országh, et al., editors, A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára [The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (ÉrtSz.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN.