mid þy þe

Old English

Alternative forms

  • mid þȳ
  • mid þām þe
  • mid þām þæt
  • mid þām

Etymology

From mid þȳ +‎ þe, literally "by that which".

Pronunciation

IPA(key): /mid θyː θe/

Conjunction

mid þȳ þe

  1. when, since, seeing that, given that
    • late 9th century, King Alfred's translation of Boethius' The Consolation of Philosophy
      Ēalā hū yfele mē dōþ maneġe woruldmenn, mid ðām þæt iċ ne mōt wealdan mīna āgenra þēowa.
      Alas, how poorly do many worldly people treat me, when I may not control my own servants!
    • late 10th century, Ælfric, "The Assumption of St. John the Apostle"
      Mid þām ðe se apostol stōp intō ðære byriġ Ephesum, þā bær man him tōġēanes ānre wydewan līċ to byriġenne; hire nama wæs Drusiana.
      As the apostle John entered the city of Ephesus, the corpse of a widow was carried towards him to be buried; her name was Drusiana.

Usage notes

  • Mid þȳ þe is used to introduce one of a pair of clauses, where the verb in the other clause is somehow dependent on the verb in the clause introduced by mid þȳ þe: Hū lā wēnst þū þæs þæt ċildes iċ ġīeman mæġe, mid þȳ þe iċ mīn mæġ unēaþe ġīeman? ("How on earth do you expect me to be able to take care of a child, when I can barely take care of myself?"). While this may have a temporal sense of "when" or "at the time that", it tends to have a stronger sense of simultaneity than þonne or þā in such contexts, closer in meaning to "as" or "while/whilst": Mid þȳ þe hēo of bedde ārās, þā slōg līeġetsliht trēow ūte ("Right as she got out of bed, a lightning bolt struck a tree outside").