mugio

See also: mugió

Latin

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *mug-, *mūg-, onomatopoeic form, reminiscent of cow's lowing. Cognates include Ancient Greek μῡκάομαι (mūkáomai, “to low, bellow”), Lithuanian mū̃kti (“to bellow”) and Russian мыча́ть (myčátʹ, “to moo”).

Pronunciation

(Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [ˈmuː.ɡi.oː]
(modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [ˈmuː.d͡ʒi.o]

Verb

mūgiō (present infinitive mūgīre, perfect active mūgīvī or mūgiī, supine mūgītum); fourth conjugation, no passive

to moo, low, bellow
- 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 8.217–218:
  reddidit ūna boum vōcem vāstōque sub antrō mūgiit
  et Cācī spem custōdīta fefellit.
  One heifer returned their call, and lowed from the deep cave,
  and foiled Cacus’s hopes from her prison. [source]
(of inanimate things) to roar, rumble, bray, groan

Conjugation

Conjugation of mūgiō (fourth conjugation, no passive)

indicative		singular				plural
indicative		first	second		third	first	second		third
active	present	mūgiō	mūgīs		mūgit	mūgīmus	mūgītis		mūgiunt
	imperfect	mūgiēbam	mūgiēbās		mūgiēbat	mūgiēbāmus	mūgiēbātis		mūgiēbant
	future	mūgiam	mūgiēs		mūgiet	mūgiēmus	mūgiētis		mūgient
	perfect	mūgīvī, mūgiī	mūgīvistī, mūgiistī		mūgīvit, mūgiit	mūgīvimus, mūgiimus	mūgīvistis, mūgiistis		mūgīvērunt, mūgīvēre, mūgiērunt, mūgiēre
	pluperfect	mūgīveram, mūgieram	mūgīverās, mūgierās		mūgīverat, mūgierat	mūgīverāmus, mūgierāmus	mūgīverātis, mūgierātis		mūgīverant, mūgierant
	future perfect	mūgīverō, mūgierō	mūgīveris, mūgieris		mūgīverit, mūgierit	mūgīverimus, mūgierimus	mūgīveritis, mūgieritis		mūgīverint, mūgierint
subjunctive		singular				plural
subjunctive		first	second		third	first	second		third
active	present	mūgiam	mūgiās		mūgiat	mūgiāmus	mūgiātis		mūgiant
	imperfect	mūgīrem	mūgīrēs		mūgīret	mūgīrēmus	mūgīrētis		mūgīrent
	perfect	mūgīverim, mūgierim	mūgīverīs, mūgierīs		mūgīverit, mūgierit	mūgīverīmus, mūgierīmus	mūgīverītis, mūgierītis		mūgīverint, mūgierint
	pluperfect	mūgīvissem, mūgiissem	mūgīvissēs, mūgiissēs		mūgīvisset, mūgiisset	mūgīvissēmus, mūgiissēmus	mūgīvissētis, mūgiissētis		mūgīvissent, mūgiissent
imperative		singular				plural
imperative		first	second		third	first	second		third
active	present	—	mūgī		—	—	mūgīte		—
active	future	—	mūgītō		mūgītō	—	mūgītōte		mūgiuntō
non-finite forms		infinitive				participle
non-finite forms		active		passive		active		passive
present		mūgīre		—		mūgiēns		—
future		mūgītūrum esse		—		mūgītūrus		—
perfect		mūgīvisse, mūgiisse		—		—		—
perfect potential		mūgītūrum fuisse		—		—		—
verbal nouns		gerund					supine
		genitive	dative		accusative	ablative	accusative		ablative
		mūgiendī	mūgiendō		mūgiendum	mūgiendō	mūgītum		mūgītū

Derived terms

Descendants

Aromanian: mudzescu, mudziri
Catalan: mugir
French: mugir
Galician: muxir
English: mugient
Italian: muggire
Old French: muire
Portuguese: mugir
Romanian: mugi, mugire
Sardinian: mughire, muire, muxire
Spanish: mugir

References

“mugio”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
“mugio”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
mugio in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
Kloekhorst, Alwin (2008) Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 5), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 392