See also: Appendix:Variations of "nd"
Egyptian
Pronunciation
Verb
2-lit.
- (transitive) to inquire, to ask
Inflection
Conjugation of nḏ (biliteral / 2-lit. / 2rad.) — base stem: nḏ, geminated stem: nḏḏ
| infinitival forms
|
imperative
|
| infinitive
|
negatival complement
|
complementary infinitive1
|
singular
|
plural
|
nḏ
|
nḏw, nḏ
|
nḏt
|
nḏ, j.nḏ
|
nḏ, j.nḏ
|
| ‘pseudoverbal’ forms
|
| stative stem
|
periphrastic imperfective2
|
periphrastic prospective2
|
nḏ
|
ḥr nḏ
|
m nḏ
|
r nḏ
|
| suffix conjugation
|
| aspect / mood
|
active
|
passive
|
contingent
|
| aspect / mood
|
active
|
passive
|
| perfect
|
nḏ.n
|
nḏw, nḏ
|
consecutive
|
nḏ.jn
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| terminative
|
nḏt
|
| perfective3
|
nḏ
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
obligative1
|
nḏ.ḫr
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| imperfective
|
nḏ, j.nḏ1
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| prospective3
|
nḏ
|
nḏḏ
|
potentialis1
|
nḏ.kꜣ
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| subjunctive
|
nḏ, j.nḏ1
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| verbal adjectives
|
| aspect / mood
|
relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms
|
participles
|
| active
|
passive
|
active
|
passive
|
| perfect
|
nḏ.n
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
—
|
—
|
| perfective
|
nḏ
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
nḏ
|
nḏḏ, nḏḏj6, nḏ2, nḏw2 5, nḏy2 5
|
| imperfective
|
j.nḏ1, nḏ, nḏy, nḏw5
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
j.nḏ1, j.nḏw1 5, nḏ, nḏj6, nḏy6
|
nḏ, nḏw5
|
| prospective
|
nḏ, nḏtj7
|
—
|
nḏtj4, nḏt4
|
1 Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
2 Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
3 Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
4 Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn.
5 Only in the masculine singular.
6 Only in the masculine.
7 Only in the feminine.
|
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of nḏ
Derived terms
Verb
2-lit.
- (transitive) to protect, to preserve, to save
Inflection
Conjugation of nḏ (biliteral / 2-lit. / 2rad.) — base stem: nḏ, geminated stem: nḏḏ
| infinitival forms
|
imperative
|
| infinitive
|
negatival complement
|
complementary infinitive1
|
singular
|
plural
|
nḏ
|
nḏw, nḏ
|
nḏt
|
nḏ, j.nḏ
|
nḏ, j.nḏ
|
| ‘pseudoverbal’ forms
|
| stative stem
|
periphrastic imperfective2
|
periphrastic prospective2
|
nḏ
|
ḥr nḏ
|
m nḏ
|
r nḏ
|
| suffix conjugation
|
| aspect / mood
|
active
|
passive
|
contingent
|
| aspect / mood
|
active
|
passive
|
| perfect
|
nḏ.n
|
nḏw, nḏ
|
consecutive
|
nḏ.jn
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| terminative
|
nḏt
|
| perfective3
|
nḏ
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
obligative1
|
nḏ.ḫr
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| imperfective
|
nḏ, j.nḏ1
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| prospective3
|
nḏ
|
nḏḏ
|
potentialis1
|
nḏ.kꜣ
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| subjunctive
|
nḏ, j.nḏ1
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| verbal adjectives
|
| aspect / mood
|
relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms
|
participles
|
| active
|
passive
|
active
|
passive
|
| perfect
|
nḏ.n
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
—
|
—
|
| perfective
|
nḏ
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
nḏ
|
nḏḏ, nḏḏj6, nḏ2, nḏw2 5, nḏy2 5
|
| imperfective
|
j.nḏ1, nḏ, nḏy, nḏw5
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
j.nḏ1, j.nḏw1 5, nḏ, nḏj6, nḏy6
|
nḏ, nḏw5
|
| prospective
|
nḏ, nḏtj7
|
—
|
nḏtj4, nḏt4
|
1 Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
2 Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
3 Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
4 Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn.
5 Only in the masculine singular.
6 Only in the masculine.
7 Only in the feminine.
|
Derived terms
Noun
m
- flour
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of nḏ
Descendants
- Akhmimic Coptic: ⲛⲁⲉⲓⲧ (naeit)
- Bohairic Coptic: ⲛⲱⲓⲧ (nōit)
- Fayyumic Coptic: ⲛⲁⲏⲧ (naēt), ⲛⲁⲓⲧ (nait)
- Sahidic Coptic: ⲛⲟⲉⲓⲧ (noeit)
References
- Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1928) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache[1], volume 2, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 370.16–371.14, 374.2–374.14
- Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, page 143
- James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, pages 257, 339.
- Hoch, James (1997) Middle Egyptian Grammar, Mississauga: Benben Publications, →ISBN, page 163