painua

Finnish

Etymology

painaa +‎ -ua

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈpɑi̯nuɑˣ/, [ˈpɑ̝i̯nuɑ̝(ʔ)]
  • Rhymes: -ɑinuɑ
  • Syllabification(key): pai‧nu‧a
  • Hyphenation(key): pai‧nua

Verb

painua (intransitive)

  1. to sink, sag, droop, fall, descend, subside
    rengas painui mutaan ― the tyre sank in the mud
  2. to be pushed or pressed (against something)
  3. to be squeezed or compressed
  4. to settle (assume a more or less permanent position)
  5. (of a voice) to get hoarse or raspy, such as from talking for too long
  6. (colloquial) to go

Conjugation

Inflection of painua (Kotus type 52/sanoa, no gradation)
indicative mood
present tense perfect
person positive negative person positive negative
1st sing. painun en painu 1st sing. olen painunut en ole painunut
2nd sing. painut et painu 2nd sing. olet painunut et ole painunut
3rd sing. painuu ei painu 3rd sing. on painunut ei ole painunut
1st plur. painumme emme painu 1st plur. olemme painuneet emme ole painuneet
2nd plur. painutte ette painu 2nd plur. olette painuneet ette ole painuneet
3rd plur. painuvat eivät painu 3rd plur. ovat painuneet eivät ole painuneet
passive painutaan ei painuta passive on painuttu ei ole painuttu
past tense pluperfect
person positive negative person positive negative
1st sing. painuin en painunut 1st sing. olin painunut en ollut painunut
2nd sing. painuit et painunut 2nd sing. olit painunut et ollut painunut
3rd sing. painui ei painunut 3rd sing. oli painunut ei ollut painunut
1st plur. painuimme emme painuneet 1st plur. olimme painuneet emme olleet painuneet
2nd plur. painuitte ette painuneet 2nd plur. olitte painuneet ette olleet painuneet
3rd plur. painuivat eivät painuneet 3rd plur. olivat painuneet eivät olleet painuneet
passive painuttiin ei painuttu passive oli painuttu ei ollut painuttu
conditional mood
present perfect
person positive negative person positive negative
1st sing. painuisin en painuisi 1st sing. olisin painunut en olisi painunut
2nd sing. painuisit et painuisi 2nd sing. olisit painunut et olisi painunut
3rd sing. painuisi ei painuisi 3rd sing. olisi painunut ei olisi painunut
1st plur. painuisimme emme painuisi 1st plur. olisimme painuneet emme olisi painuneet
2nd plur. painuisitte ette painuisi 2nd plur. olisitte painuneet ette olisi painuneet
3rd plur. painuisivat eivät painuisi 3rd plur. olisivat painuneet eivät olisi painuneet
passive painuttaisiin ei painuttaisi passive olisi painuttu ei olisi painuttu
imperative mood
present perfect
person positive negative person positive negative
1st sing. — — 1st sing. — —
2nd sing. painu älä painu 2nd sing. — —
3rd sing. painukoon älköön painuko 3rd sing. olkoon painunut älköön olko painunut
1st plur. painukaamme älkäämme painuko 1st plur. — —
2nd plur. painukaa älkää painuko 2nd plur. — —
3rd plur. painukoot älkööt painuko 3rd plur. olkoot painuneet älkööt olko painuneet
passive painuttakoon älköön painuttako passive olkoon painuttu älköön olko painuttu
potential mood
present perfect
person positive negative person positive negative
1st sing. painunen en painune 1st sing. lienen painunut en liene painunut
2nd sing. painunet et painune 2nd sing. lienet painunut et liene painunut
3rd sing. painunee ei painune 3rd sing. lienee painunut ei liene painunut
1st plur. painunemme emme painune 1st plur. lienemme painuneet emme liene painuneet
2nd plur. painunette ette painune 2nd plur. lienette painuneet ette liene painuneet
3rd plur. painunevat eivät painune 3rd plur. lienevät painuneet eivät liene painuneet
passive painuttaneen ei painuttane passive lienee painuttu ei liene painuttu
Nominal forms
infinitives participles
active passive active passive
1st painua present painuva painuttava
long 1st1
Possessive forms
Person sing. plur.
1st painuakseni painuaksemme
2nd painuaksesi painuaksenne
3rd painuakseen
painuaksensa
past painunut painuttu
2nd inessive2 painuessa painuttaessa agent4 painuma
Possessive forms
Person sing. plur.
1st painuessani painuessamme
2nd painuessasi painuessanne
3rd painuessaan
painuessansa
negative painumaton
instructive painuen —
1) Used only with a possessive suffix.

2) Usually with a possessive suffix (active only).
3) Some uses of the verbal noun are called the 'fourth infinitive' by certain sources (more details).

4) Usually with a possessive suffix. May not be used with all verbs, especially intransitive ones (more details). Distinct from nouns with the -ma suffix and third infinitive forms.
3rd inessive painumassa —
elative painumasta —
illative painumaan —
adessive painumalla —
abessive painumatta —
instructive painuman painuttaman
4th3 verbal noun painuminen
5th1
Possessive forms
Person sing. plur.
1st painumaisillani painumaisillamme
2nd painumaisillasi painumaisillanne
3rd painumaisillaan
painumaisillansa

Derived terms

Collocations

  • painua hiiteen ― to go to hell
  • painua kasaan ― to compress, crumble, cave in, be crushed (literally, “to be pressed into a lump”)
  • painua kokoon ― to become collapsed or compressed
  • painua pellolle ― to go away, get lost, bugger off
  • painua suolle ― to go away, get lost, bugger off
  • painua vittuun ― to fuck off

Further reading

Anagrams

Ingrian

Etymology

From painaa (“to bend”) +‎ -ua. Akin to Finnish painua.

Pronunciation

  • (Ala-Laukaa) IPA(key): /ˈpɑi̯nuɑ/, [ˈpɑi̯no̞]
  • (Soikkola) IPA(key): /ˈpɑi̯nuɑ/, [ˈpɑi̯nuɑ]
  • Rhymes: -ɑi̯noː, -ɑi̯nuɑ
  • Hyphenation: pai‧nu‧a

Noun

painua

  1. (intransitive) to bend
  2. (intransitive) to sag

Conjugation

Conjugation of painua (type 1/ampua, no gradation)
Indikativa
Preesens Perfekta
positive negative positive negative
1st singular painun en painu 1st singular oon painunt, oon painunut en oo painunt, en oo painunut
2nd singular painut et painu 2nd singular oot painunt, oot painunut et oo painunt, et oo painunut
3rd singular painuu ei painu 3rd singular ono painunt, ono painunut ei oo painunt, ei oo painunut
1st plural painumma emmä painu 1st plural oomma painuneet emmä oo painuneet
2nd plural painutta että painu 2nd plural ootta painuneet että oo painuneet
3rd plural painuut1), painuvat2), painutaa evät painu, ei painuta 3rd plural ovat painuneet evät oo painuneet, ei oo painuttu
impersonal painutaa ei painuta impersonal ono painuttu ei oo painuttu
Imperfekta Pluskvamperfekta
positive negative positive negative
1st singular painuin en painunt, en painunut 1st singular olin painunt, olin painunut en olt painunt, en olt painunut
2nd singular painuit et painunt, et painunut 2nd singular olit painunt, olit painunut et olt painunt, et olt painunut
3rd singular painui ei painunt, ei painunut 3rd singular oli painunt, oli painunut ei olt painunt, ei olt painunut
1st plural painuimma emmä painuneet 1st plural olimma painuneet emmä olleet painuneet
2nd plural painuitta että painuneet 2nd plural olitta painuneet että olleet painuneet
3rd plural painuit1), painuivat2), painuttii evät painuneet, ei painuttu 3rd plural olivat painuneet evät olleet painuneet, ei olt painuttu
impersonal painuttii ei painuttu impersonal oli painuttu ei olt painuttu
Konditsionala
Preesens Perfekta
positive negative positive negative
1st singular painuisin en painuis 1st singular olisin painunt, olisin painunut en olis painunt, en olis painunut
2nd singular painuisit, painuist1) et painuis 2nd singular olisit painunt, olisit painunut et olis painunt, et olis painunut
3rd singular painuis ei painuis 3rd singular olis painunt, olis painunut ei olis painunt, ei olis painunut
1st plural painuisimma emmä painuis 1st plural olisimma painuneet emmä olis painuneet
2nd plural painuisitta että painuis 2nd plural olisitta painuneet että olis painuneet
3rd plural painuisiit1), painuisivat2), painuttais evät painuis, ei painuttais 3rd plural olisivat painuneet evät olis painuneet, ei olis painuttu
impersonal painuttais ei painuttais impersonal olis painuttu ei olis painuttu
Imperativa
Preesens Perfekta
positive negative positive negative
1st singular — — 1st singular — —
2nd singular painu elä painu 2nd singular oo painunt, oo painunut elä oo painunt, elä oo painunut
3rd singular painukoo elköö painuko 3rd singular olkoo painunt, olkoo painunut elköö olko painunt, elköö olko painunut
1st plural — — 1st plural — —
2nd plural painukaa elkää painuko 2nd plural olkaa painuneet elkää olko painuneet
3rd plural painukoot elkööt painuko, elköö painuttako 3rd plural olkoot painuneet elkööt olko painuneet, elköö olko painuttu
impersonal painuttakkoo elköö painuttako impersonal olkoo painuttu elköö olko painuttu
Potentsiala
Preesens
positive negative
1st singular painunen en painune
2nd singular painunet et painune
3rd singular painunoo ei painune
1st plural painunemma emmä painune
2nd plural painunetta että painune
3rd plural painunoot evät painune, ei painuttane
impersonal painuttannoo ei painuttane
Nominal forms
Infinitivat Partisipat
active passive
1st painua present painuva painuttava
2nd inessive painujees past painunt, painunut painuttu
instructive painuen 1) Chiefly in the Soikkola dialect.
2) Chiefly in the Ala-Laukaa dialect.
*) For the imperative, the 2nd plural (painukaa) may be used for the 3rd person as well.
**) The interrogative is formed by adding the suffix -k (-ka?/-kä?) to the indicative
***) The deliberative is formed by adding the suffix -k (-ka?/-kä?) or -kse to either the indicative or the potential
****) In folk poetry, a long first infinitive can be formed by adding the suffix -kse-, followed by possessive suffixes, to the first infinitive. Note that sometimes gemination may be undone by this addition.
3rd illative painumaa
inessive painumaas
elative painumast
abessive painumata
4th nominative painumiin
partitive painumista, painumist

Derived terms

References

  • Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 375

Votic

Etymology

paina +‎ -ua

Pronunciation

  • (Luutsa, Liivtšülä) IPA(key): /ˈpɑi̯nuɑ̯/, [ˈpɑi̯nuɑ̯]
  • Rhymes: -ɑi̯nuɑ̯
  • Hyphenation: pai‧nua

Verb

painua

  1. (intransitive) to sag, bend, sink

Inflection

Conjugation of painua (type II-1/kuttsua, no gradation)
Indicative
Present Perfect
positive negative positive negative
1st singular painun en painu 1st singular õõn painunnu en õõ painunnu
2nd singular painud ed painu 2nd singular õõd painunnu ed õõ painunnu
3rd singular painub eb painu 3rd singular on painunnu eb õõ painunnu
1st plural painummõ emmä painu 1st plural õõmmõ painunnu emmä õõ painunnu
2nd plural painuttõ että painu 2nd plural õõttõ painunnu että õõ painunnu
3rd plural painuta eväd painu 3rd plural õlla painuttu eväd õõ painuttu
impersonal painuta eväd painu impersonal õlla painuttu eväd õõ painuttu
Imperfect Pluperfect
positive negative positive negative
1st singular painuzin en painunnu 1st singular õlin painunnu —
2nd singular painuzid ed painunnu 2nd singular õlid painunnu —
3rd singular painu eb painunnu 3rd singular õli painunnu —
1st plural painuzimmõ emmä painunnu 1st plural õlimmõ painunnu —
2nd plural painuzittõ että painunnu 2nd plural õlittõ painunnu —
3rd plural painutti eväd painuttu 3rd plural õlti painuttu —
impersonal painutti eväd painuttu impersonal õlti painuttu —
Conditional
Present Perfect
positive negative positive negative
1st singular painuizin en painuizʹ 1st singular õllõizin painunnu en õllõizʹ painunnu
2nd singular painuizid ed painuizʹ 2nd singular õllõizid painunnu ed õllõizʹ painunnu
3rd singular painuizʹ eb painuizʹ 3rd singular õllõizʹ painunnu eb õllõizʹ painunnu
1st plural painuizimmõ emmä painuizʹ 1st plural õllõizimmõ painunnu emmä õllõizʹ painunnu
2nd plural painuizittõ että painuizʹ 2nd plural õllõizittõ painunnu että õllõizʹ painunnu
3rd plural painuttaizʹ eväd painuttaizʹ 3rd plural õltaizʹ painuttu eväd õltaizʹ painuttu
impersonal painuttaizʹ eväd painuttaizʹ impersonal õltaizʹ painuttu eväd õltaizʹ painuttu
Imperative
Present
positive negative
1st singular — —
2nd singular painu elä painu
3rd singular painugo1) elko painugo1)
1st plural — —
2nd plural painuga elka painuga
3rd plural painugod1) —
impersonal — —
Nominal forms
Infinitives Participles
active passive
1st painua present painujõ2) —
2nd illative painuma past painunnu painuttu
inessive painumõz 1) using la is more common
2) also used as the agent noun
elative painumõssõ
abessive painumõttõ

References

  • Hallap, V., Adler, E., Grünberg, S., Leppik, M. (2012) “painua”, in Vadja keele sõnaraamat [A dictionary of the Votic language], 2nd edition, Tallinn
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