pandúr
See also: pandur
Hungarian
Etymology
A wanderword. The language of transmission and the path between words in different languages are unclear. Compare German Pandur (“armed servant in Hungary; Hungarian foot soldier in the 17th–18th centuries”), French pandour (“rough, crude person; pirate”). First attested in 1602. Sense development:
- [1602] A type of Turkish infantry soldier.
- [1607] Marauder; robber.
- [1738] County gendarme.
- [1792] Croatian or Serbian soldier.
- [1794] City or county hajduk.[1][2]
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈpɒnduːr]
- Hyphenation: pan‧dúr
- Rhymes: -uːr
Noun
pandúr (plural pandúrok)
- (historical) a peacekeeper working for the oppressive upper class
- (poetic) gendarme
- Synonym: csendőr
Declension
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | pandúr | pandúrok |
| accusative | pandúrt | pandúrokat |
| dative | pandúrnak | pandúroknak |
| instrumental | pandúrral | pandúrokkal |
| causal-final | pandúrért | pandúrokért |
| translative | pandúrrá | pandúrokká |
| terminative | pandúrig | pandúrokig |
| essive-formal | pandúrként | pandúrokként |
| essive-modal | — | — |
| inessive | pandúrban | pandúrokban |
| superessive | pandúron | pandúrokon |
| adessive | pandúrnál | pandúroknál |
| illative | pandúrba | pandúrokba |
| sublative | pandúrra | pandúrokra |
| allative | pandúrhoz | pandúrokhoz |
| elative | pandúrból | pandúrokból |
| delative | pandúrról | pandúrokról |
| ablative | pandúrtól | pandúroktól |
| non-attributive possessive – singular |
pandúré | pandúroké |
| non-attributive possessive – plural |
pandúréi | pandúrokéi |
| possessor | single possession | multiple possessions |
|---|---|---|
| 1st person sing. | pandúrom | pandúrjaim |
| 2nd person sing. | pandúrod | pandúrjaid |
| 3rd person sing. | pandúrja | pandúrjai |
| 1st person plural | pandúrunk | pandúrjaink |
| 2nd person plural | pandúrotok | pandúrjaitok |
| 3rd person plural | pandúrjuk | pandúrjaik |
References
- ^ pandúr in Károly Gerstner, editor, Új magyar etimológiai szótár [New Etymological Dictionary of Hungarian] (ÚESz.), Online edition (beta version), Budapest: MTA Research Institute for Linguistics / Hungarian Research Centre for Linguistics, 2011–2024.
- ^ pandúr in Tótfalusi, István. Magyar etimológiai nagyszótár (’Hungarian Comprehensive Dictionary of Etymology’). Budapest: Arcanum Adatbázis, 2001; Arcanum DVD Könyvtár →ISBN
Further reading
- pandúr in Géza Bárczi, László Országh, et al., editors, A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára [The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (ÉrtSz.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN.
Slovak
Etymology
Borrowed from Hungarian pandúr, further etymology unclear. First attested in the 18th century.[1]
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈpanduːr]
Noun
pandúr m pers (relational adjective pandúrsky)
- (historical) hajduk, foot soldier, infantryman
- mercenary, soldier
Declension
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | pandúr | pandúri |
| genitive | pandúra | pandúrov |
| dative | pandúrovi | pandúrom |
| accusative | pandúra | pandúrov |
| locative | pandúrovi | pandúroch |
| instrumental | pandúrom | pandúrmi |
References
- ^ Králik, Ľubor (2016) “pandúr”, in Stručný etymologický slovník slovenčiny [Concise Etymological Dictionary of Slovak] (in Slovak), Bratislava: VEDA; JÚĽŠ SAV, →ISBN, page 418
Further reading
- “pandúr”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2003–2025