parka

See also: Parka, párka, and parkā

English

Alternative forms

Etymology

1780, ultimately from Tundra Nenets парка (parka), via Aleut parka and Russian па́рка (párka).[1][2][3] Perhaps from Proto-Uralic; see dialectal Finnish parka (“rag, swaddling clothes”), which may be a cognate from Proto-Uralic, or an early borrowing from another Uralic language.

Pronunciation

  • (General American) IPA(key): /ˈpɑɹkə/
  • (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /ˈpɑːkə/
  • Audio (US):(file)
  • Rhymes: -ɑː(ɹ)kə
  • Homophone: Parker (non-rhotic)

Noun

parka (plural parkas)

  1. (clothing) A long jacket with a hood which protects the wearer against rain and wind.
    • 2002 January 3, James Meek, London Review of Books:
      Basir tended to wear a beige suede parka over his shalwar kameez.

Derived terms

Descendants

  • → Afrikaans: parka
  • → Chinese: 派克 (pàikè)
  • → Dutch: parka
  • → Finnish: parka
  • → French: parka
  • → German: Parka
  • → Italian: parka
  • → Japanese: パーカ (pāka)
  • → Korean: 파카 (paka)
  • → Polish: parka
  • → Spanish: parka
  • → Swedish: parkas
  • → Turkish: parka

Translations

See also

References

  1. ^ “parka”, in OED Online ⁠, Oxford: Oxford University Press, launched 2000.
  2. ^ “parka”, in Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: Merriam-Webster, 1996–present.
  3. ^ Webs of Words: New Studies in Historical Lexicology (2010), p. 147, p. 171

Aleut

Etymology

Borrowed from Russian па́рка (párka).

Noun

parka

  1. parka, coat

Descendants

  • → English: parka (see there for further descendants)

Czech

Etymology

Borrowed from Russian парка (parka).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [ˈparka]
  • Hyphenation: par‧ka

Noun

parka f

  1. parka

Declension

Declension of parka (hard feminine reducible)
singular plural
nominative parka parky
genitive parky parek
dative parce parkám
accusative parku parky
vocative parko parky
locative parce parkách
instrumental parkou parkami

See also

Further reading

Finnish

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈpɑrkɑ/, [ˈpɑ̝rkɑ̝]
  • Rhymes: -ɑrkɑ
  • Syllabification(key): par‧ka
  • Hyphenation(key): par‧ka

Etymology 1

Uncertain. Perhaps an old cognate of the internationalism parka (“a sort of jacket”). If so, a loan from Tundra Nenets or, less likely, inherited from Proto-Uralic.[1]

Noun

parka

  1. poor thing, someone pitiful
    Synonyms: polo, poloinen, raasu, raukka, raukkaparka
    poikaparka ― poor boy
    tyttöparka ― poor girl
    miesparka ― poor man
    naisparka ― poor woman
    Voi parkaa! ― (Oh,) poor thing!
  2. (dialectal) rag, swaddling of clothes
Declension
Inflection of parka (Kotus type 9*D/kala, k-∅ gradation)
nominative parka parat
genitive paran parkojen
partitive parkaa parkoja
illative parkaan parkoihin
singular plural
nominative parka parat
accusative nom. parka parat
gen. paran
genitive paran parkojen
parkain rare
partitive parkaa parkoja
inessive parassa paroissa
elative parasta paroista
illative parkaan parkoihin
adessive paralla paroilla
ablative paralta paroilta
allative paralle paroille
essive parkana parkoina
translative paraksi paroiksi
abessive paratta paroitta
instructive — paroin
comitative See the possessive forms below.
Possessive forms of parka (Kotus type 9*D/kala, k-∅ gradation)
first-person singular possessor
singular plural
nominative parkani parkani
accusative nom. parkani parkani
gen. parkani
genitive parkani parkojeni
parkaini rare
partitive parkaani parkojani
inessive parassani paroissani
elative parastani paroistani
illative parkaani parkoihini
adessive parallani paroillani
ablative paraltani paroiltani
allative paralleni paroilleni
essive parkanani parkoinani
translative parakseni paroikseni
abessive parattani paroittani
instructive — —
comitative — parkoineni
second-person singular possessor
singular plural
nominative parkasi parkasi
accusative nom. parkasi parkasi
gen. parkasi
genitive parkasi parkojesi
parkaisi rare
partitive parkaasi parkojasi
inessive parassasi paroissasi
elative parastasi paroistasi
illative parkaasi parkoihisi
adessive parallasi paroillasi
ablative paraltasi paroiltasi
allative parallesi paroillesi
essive parkanasi parkoinasi
translative paraksesi paroiksesi
abessive parattasi paroittasi
instructive — —
comitative — parkoinesi
first-person plural possessor
singular plural
nominative parkamme parkamme
accusative nom. parkamme parkamme
gen. parkamme
genitive parkamme parkojemme
parkaimme rare
partitive parkaamme parkojamme
inessive parassamme paroissamme
elative parastamme paroistamme
illative parkaamme parkoihimme
adessive parallamme paroillamme
ablative paraltamme paroiltamme
allative parallemme paroillemme
essive parkanamme parkoinamme
translative paraksemme paroiksemme
abessive parattamme paroittamme
instructive — —
comitative — parkoinemme
second-person plural possessor
singular plural
nominative parkanne parkanne
accusative nom. parkanne parkanne
gen. parkanne
genitive parkanne parkojenne
parkainne rare
partitive parkaanne parkojanne
inessive parassanne paroissanne
elative parastanne paroistanne
illative parkaanne parkoihinne
adessive parallanne paroillanne
ablative paraltanne paroiltanne
allative parallenne paroillenne
essive parkananne parkoinanne
translative paraksenne paroiksenne
abessive parattanne paroittanne
instructive — —
comitative — parkoinenne
third-person possessor
singular plural
nominative parkansa parkansa
accusative nom. parkansa parkansa
gen. parkansa
genitive parkansa parkojensa
parkainsa rare
partitive parkaansa parkojaan
parkojansa
inessive parassaan
parassansa 		paroissaan
paroissansa
elative parastaan
parastansa 		paroistaan
paroistansa
illative parkaansa parkoihinsa
adessive parallaan
parallansa 		paroillaan
paroillansa
ablative paraltaan
paraltansa 		paroiltaan
paroiltansa
allative paralleen
parallensa 		paroilleen
paroillensa
essive parkanaan
parkanansa 		parkoinaan
parkoinansa
translative parakseen
paraksensa 		paroikseen
paroiksensa
abessive parattaan
parattansa 		paroittaan
paroittansa
instructive — —
comitative — parkoineen
parkoinensa
Derived terms
compounds

Further reading

Etymology 2

Internationalism (compare English parka). From Tundra Nenets парка (parka), via Aleut parka and Russian па́рка (párka). Possibly related to parka (etymology 1; see there for more).

Noun

parka

  1. parka
Declension
Inflection of parka (Kotus type 9/kala, no gradation)
nominative parka parkat
genitive parkan parkojen
partitive parkaa parkoja
illative parkaan parkoihin
singular plural
nominative parka parkat
accusative nom. parka parkat
gen. parkan
genitive parkan parkojen
parkain rare
partitive parkaa parkoja
inessive parkassa parkoissa
elative parkasta parkoista
illative parkaan parkoihin
adessive parkalla parkoilla
ablative parkalta parkoilta
allative parkalle parkoille
essive parkana parkoina
translative parkaksi parkoiksi
abessive parkatta parkoitta
instructive — parkoin
comitative See the possessive forms below.
Possessive forms of parka (Kotus type 9/kala, no gradation)
first-person singular possessor
singular plural
nominative parkani parkani
accusative nom. parkani parkani
gen. parkani
genitive parkani parkojeni
parkaini rare
partitive parkaani parkojani
inessive parkassani parkoissani
elative parkastani parkoistani
illative parkaani parkoihini
adessive parkallani parkoillani
ablative parkaltani parkoiltani
allative parkalleni parkoilleni
essive parkanani parkoinani
translative parkakseni parkoikseni
abessive parkattani parkoittani
instructive — —
comitative — parkoineni
second-person singular possessor
singular plural
nominative parkasi parkasi
accusative nom. parkasi parkasi
gen. parkasi
genitive parkasi parkojesi
parkaisi rare
partitive parkaasi parkojasi
inessive parkassasi parkoissasi
elative parkastasi parkoistasi
illative parkaasi parkoihisi
adessive parkallasi parkoillasi
ablative parkaltasi parkoiltasi
allative parkallesi parkoillesi
essive parkanasi parkoinasi
translative parkaksesi parkoiksesi
abessive parkattasi parkoittasi
instructive — —
comitative — parkoinesi
first-person plural possessor
singular plural
nominative parkamme parkamme
accusative nom. parkamme parkamme
gen. parkamme
genitive parkamme parkojemme
parkaimme rare
partitive parkaamme parkojamme
inessive parkassamme parkoissamme
elative parkastamme parkoistamme
illative parkaamme parkoihimme
adessive parkallamme parkoillamme
ablative parkaltamme parkoiltamme
allative parkallemme parkoillemme
essive parkanamme parkoinamme
translative parkaksemme parkoiksemme
abessive parkattamme parkoittamme
instructive — —
comitative — parkoinemme
second-person plural possessor
singular plural
nominative parkanne parkanne
accusative nom. parkanne parkanne
gen. parkanne
genitive parkanne parkojenne
parkainne rare
partitive parkaanne parkojanne
inessive parkassanne parkoissanne
elative parkastanne parkoistanne
illative parkaanne parkoihinne
adessive parkallanne parkoillanne
ablative parkaltanne parkoiltanne
allative parkallenne parkoillenne
essive parkananne parkoinanne
translative parkaksenne parkoiksenne
abessive parkattanne parkoittanne
instructive — —
comitative — parkoinenne
third-person possessor
singular plural
nominative parkansa parkansa
accusative nom. parkansa parkansa
gen. parkansa
genitive parkansa parkojensa
parkainsa rare
partitive parkaansa parkojaan
parkojansa
inessive parkassaan
parkassansa 		parkoissaan
parkoissansa
elative parkastaan
parkastansa 		parkoistaan
parkoistansa
illative parkaansa parkoihinsa
adessive parkallaan
parkallansa 		parkoillaan
parkoillansa
ablative parkaltaan
parkaltansa 		parkoiltaan
parkoiltansa
allative parkalleen
parkallensa 		parkoilleen
parkoillensa
essive parkanaan
parkanansa 		parkoinaan
parkoinansa
translative parkakseen
parkaksensa 		parkoikseen
parkoiksensa
abessive parkattaan
parkattansa 		parkoittaan
parkoittansa
instructive — —
comitative — parkoineen
parkoinensa

Further reading

References

  1. ^ Janhunen, Juha. 1988. "Lisiä samojedilaisen vaatetustermin vaiheisiin". Virittäjä 92/1: 88–91.

French

Pronunciation

  • Audio:(file)

Noun

parka m or f (plural parkas)

  1. parka

Further reading

Latvian

Noun

parka m

  1. genitive singular of parks

Lower Sorbian

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈparka/

Noun

parka

  1. inflection of park:
    1. genitive singular
    2. nominative/accusative dual

Polish

Pronunciation

 
  • IPA(key): /ˈpar.ka/
  • Audio:(file)
  • Rhymes: -arka
  • Syllabification: par‧ka

Etymology 1

From para (“couple”) +‎ -ka (diminutive suffix).

Noun

parka f

  1. diminutive of para

Etymology 2

From para (“steam”) +‎ -ka (diminutive suffix).

Noun

parka f

  1. (rare) diminutive of para
  2. (Lasovia) synonym of prażucha

Etymology 3

Borrowed from English parka, ultimately from Tundra Nenets парка (parka), via Aleut parka and Russian па́рка (párka).

Noun

parka f

  1. parka (heavy weatherproof jacket)

Etymology 4

Learned borrowing from Latin Parca.

Noun

parka f

  1. (Roman mythology) Parca (one of the Fates)
Declension
Declension of parka
singular plural
nominative parka parki
genitive parki parek
dative parce parkom
accusative parkę parki
instrumental parką parkami
locative parce parkach
vocative parko parki

Further reading

  • parka in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
  • parka in Polish dictionaries at PWN
  • Oskar Kolberg (1865) “parka”, in Lud. Jego zwyczaje, sposób życia, mowa, podania, przysłowia, obrzędy, gusła, zabawy, pieśni, muzyka i tańce. Serya II. Sandomierskie (in Polish), page 264

Spanish

Noun

parka f (plural parkas)

  1. parka

Further reading

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