penuh
Indonesian
Etymology
From Malay penuh, from Proto-Malayic *pənuh, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *pənuq, from Proto-Austronesian *pəNuq.
Pronunciation
- (Standard Indonesian) IPA(key): /pəˈnuh/ [pəˈnʊh]
Audio: (file) - Rhymes: -uh
- Syllabification: pe‧nuh
Adjective
pênuh (comparative lebih penuh, superlative paling penuh)
- full:
Derived terms
- penuh bekat
- penuh harapan
- penuh kepala
- penuh ketakutan
- penuh padat
- penuh pekak
- penuh pekat
- penuh pepak
- penuh perut
- penuh ruah
- penuh sesak
- penuh tumpat
- penuh umpah
References
- “penuh” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
Malay
Alternative forms
- ponuh (Sanggau)
- penoh (Pontianak, pre-1972 standard)
Etymology
From Proto-Malayic *pənuh, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *pənuq, from Proto-Austronesian *pəNuq. Cognate with Tagalog puno and Malagasy feno.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /pəˈnuh/ [pəˈnuh]
- Rhymes: -nuh, -uh
Adjective
penuh (Jawi spelling ڤنوه)
- full (containing the maximum possible amount)
Derived terms
Affixed terms and other derivations
Regular affixed derivations:
- pemenuh [agentive / qualitative / instrumental / abstract / measure] (peN-)
- pemenuhan [agentive / qualitative / instrumental / abstract / measure + resultative / locative / collective / variety / verbal noun / fruit] (peN- + -an)
- kepenuhan [abstract / locative] (ke-an)
- sepenuh [comparability] (se-)
- penuhkan [causative benefactive] (-kan)
- penuhi [causative (locative) benefactive] (-i)
- memenuhkan [agent focus + causative benefactive] (meN- + -kan)
- memenuhi [agent focus + causative (locative) benefactive] (meN- + -i)
- dipenuhkan [patient focus + causative benefactive] (di- + -kan)
- dipenuhi [patient focus + causative (locative) benefactive] (di- + -i)
- terpenuhi [agentless action + causative (locative) benefactive] (teR- + -i)
- penuh-penuh [reduplication] (redup)
Irregular affixed derivations, other derivations and compound words:
- sepenuhnya
Descendants
- Indonesian: penuh
References
- Pijnappel, Jan (1875) “ڤنه pĕnoeh”, in Maleisch-Hollandsch woordenboek, John Enschede en Zonen, Frederik Muller, page 64
- Wilkinson, Richard James (1901) “ڤنه pĕnoh”, in A Malay-English dictionary, Hong Kong: Kelly & Walsh limited, page 476
- Wilkinson, Richard James (1932) “pĕnoh”, in A Malay-English dictionary (romanised), volume II, Mytilene, Greece: Salavopoulos & Kinderlis, page 245
- "penuh" in Kamus Dewan, Fourth Edition, Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, →ISBN, 2005.
Further reading
- “penuh” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.
- Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen; et al. (2023) “*peNuq”, in the CLDF dataset from The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary (2010–), →DOI