pljuvati

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *pľьvati.

Cognate with Bulgarian плюя (pljuja), Slovene pljuvati, Russian плевать (plevatʹ), Slovak pľuť. Non-Slavic cognates include Ancient Greek πτύω (ptúō), Gothic 𐍃𐍀𐌴𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌽 (speiwan), Albanian shpif, Sanskrit ष्ठीवति (ṣṭhīvati, to spit), Old Armenian թուք (tʻukʻ).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /pʎûʋati/
  • Hyphenation: plju‧va‧ti

Verb

pljȕvati impf (Cyrillic spelling пљу̏вати)

  1. (ambitransitive) to spit

Conjugation

Conjugation of pljuvati
infinitive pljuvati
present verbal adverb pljȕjūći
past verbal adverb
verbal noun pljȕvānje
singular plural
1st 2nd 3rd 1st 2nd 3rd
present pljujem pljuješ pljuje pljujemo pljujete pljuju
future future I pljuvat ću1
pljuvaću
pljuvat ćeš1
pljuvaćeš
pljuvat će1
pljuvaće
pljuvat ćemo1
pljuvaćemo
pljuvat ćete1
pljuvaćete
pljuvat ćē1
pljuvaće
future II bȕdēm pljuvao2 bȕdēš pljuvao2 bȕdē pljuvao2 bȕdēmo pljuvali2 bȕdēte pljuvali2 bȕdū pljuvali2
past perfect pljuvao sam2 pljuvao si2 pljuvao je2 pljuvali smo2 pljuvali ste2 pljuvali su2
pluperfect3 bȉo sam pljuvao2 bȉo si pljuvao2 bȉo je pljuvao2 bíli smo pljuvali2 bíli ste pljuvali2 bíli su pljuvali2
imperfect pljuvah pljuvaše pljuvaše pljuvasmo pljuvaste pljuvahu
conditional conditional I pljuvao bih2 pljuvao bi2 pljuvao bi2 pljuvali bismo2 pljuvali biste2 pljuvali bi2
conditional II4 bȉo bih pljuvao2 bȉo bi pljuvao2 bȉo bi pljuvao2 bíli bismo pljuvali2 bíli biste pljuvali2 bíli bi pljuvali2
imperative pljuj pljujmo pljujte
active past participle pljuvao m / pljuvala f / pljuvalo n pljuvali m / pljuvale f / pljuvala n
passive past participle pljuvan m / pljuvana f / pljuvano n pljuvani m / pljuvane f / pljuvana n

1   Croatian spelling: others omit the infinitive suffix completely and bind the clitic.
2   For masculine nouns; a feminine or neuter agent would use the feminine and neuter gender forms of the active past participle and auxiliary verb, respectively.
3   Often replaced by the past perfect in colloquial speech, i.e. the auxiliary verb biti (to be) is routinely dropped.
4   Often replaced by the conditional I in colloquial speech, i.e. the auxiliary verb biti (to be) is routinely dropped.
  *Note: The aorist and imperfect were not present in, or have nowadays fallen into disuse in, many dialects and therefore they are routinely replaced by the past perfect in both formal and colloquial speech.

Derived terms

  • ispljùvati
  • popljùvati
  • upljùvati
  • zapljùvati

Further reading

  • pljuvati”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2025
  • Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “плюю́”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress