Egyptian
Pronunciation
- (reconstructed) IPA(key): /ˈpaːsakʼ/ → /ˈpaːsakʼ/ → /ˈpaːkʼəs/ → /ˈpoːkʼəs/
Verb
3-lit.
- (intransitive or transitive) to spit on (someone or something) (+ m: to spit on with (spittle, fire, etc.))
- (intransitive (with r, ḥr, or n) or transitive) to spit on (something sick) in order to heal it [since the Pyramid Texts]
- (transitive) to spit on (a person) out of contempt [Middle Kingdom literature]
- (transitive) to spit on (something) in order to harm it [New Kingdom to Late Period]
- (intransitive, with r or ḥr) to spit on (Apophis or a representation of Apophis)
- (transitive) to spit out (+ m ḫt: to contemptuously spit out behind (something))
Inflection
Conjugation of psg (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: psg, geminated stem: psgg
| infinitival forms
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imperative
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| infinitive
|
negatival complement
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complementary infinitive1
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singular
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plural
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psg
|
psgw, psg
|
psgt
|
psg
|
psg
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| ‘pseudoverbal’ forms
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| stative stem
|
periphrastic imperfective2
|
periphrastic prospective2
|
psg
|
ḥr psg
|
m psg
|
r psg
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| suffix conjugation
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| aspect / mood
|
active
|
passive
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contingent
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| aspect / mood
|
active
|
passive
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| perfect
|
psg.n
|
psgw, psg
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consecutive
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psg.jn
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active + .tj1, .tw2
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active + .tj1, .tw2
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| terminative
|
psgt
|
| perfective3
|
psg
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
obligative1
|
psg.ḫr
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| imperfective
|
psg
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| prospective3
|
psg
|
psgg
|
potentialis1
|
psg.kꜣ
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| subjunctive
|
psg
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| verbal adjectives
|
| aspect / mood
|
relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms
|
participles
|
| active
|
passive
|
active
|
passive
|
| perfect
|
psg.n
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
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—
|
—
|
| perfective
|
psg
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
psg
|
psg, psgw5, psgy5
|
| imperfective
|
psg, psgy, psgw5
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
psg, psgj6, psgy6
|
psg, psgw5
|
| prospective
|
psg, psgtj7
|
—
|
psgtj4, psgt4
|
1 Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
2 Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
3 Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
4 Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn.
5 Only in the masculine singular.
6 Only in the masculine.
7 Only in the feminine.
|
Since the 18th Dynasty, this word is found metathesized as pgs.
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of psg
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| psg
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psg
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psgꜣ
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psg
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pgs
|
pgꜣs
|
| [Pyramid Texts]
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[Middle Kingdom]
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[New Kingdom]
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[New Kingdom]
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[New Kingdom]
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[New Kingdom]
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in hieratic
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Descendants
- Sahidic Coptic: ⲡⲱϭⲥ (pōcs)
References
- Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1926) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache[1], volume 1, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 555.4–555.14
- Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, page 95