qopha

Zulu

Verb

-qopha

  1. (transitive) to cut out, to notch, to peck
  2. (transitive) to record (sound etc.)
  3. (transitive) to ornament (with beadwork)
  4. (transitive) to mark, to mark off, to indicate
  5. (transitive) to analyze, to scrutinize

Inflection

tone L (infinitive ukuqopha)
positive negative
infinitive ukuqopha ukungaqophi
imperative
simple + object concord
singular qopha -qophe
plural qophani -qopheni
present
positive absolute positive relative positive participial negative absolute negative relative negative participial
1st singular ngiyaqopha, ngiqopha engiqophayo, engiqopha ngiqopha angiqophi engingaqophi ngingaqophi
2nd singular uyaqopha, uqopha oqophayo, oqopha uqopha awuqophi ongaqophi ungaqophi
1st plural siyaqopha, siqopha esiqophayo, esiqopha siqopha asiqophi esingaqophi singaqophi
2nd plural niyaqopha, niqopha eniqophayo, eniqopha niqopha aniqophi eningaqophi ningaqophi
class 1 uyaqopha, uqopha oqophayo, oqopha eqopha akaqophi ongaqophi engaqophi
class 2 bayaqopha, baqopha abaqophayo, abaqopha beqopha abaqophi abangaqophi bengaqophi
class 3 uyaqopha, uqopha oqophayo, oqopha uqopha awuqophi ongaqophi ungaqophi
class 4 iyaqopha, iqopha eqophayo, eqopha iqopha ayiqophi engaqophi ingaqophi
class 5 liyaqopha, liqopha eliqophayo, eliqopha liqopha aliqophi elingaqophi lingaqophi
class 6 ayaqopha, aqopha aqophayo, aqopha eqopha awaqophi angaqophi engaqophi
class 7 siyaqopha, siqopha esiqophayo, esiqopha siqopha asiqophi esingaqophi singaqophi
class 8 ziyaqopha, ziqopha eziqophayo, eziqopha ziqopha aziqophi ezingaqophi zingaqophi
class 9 iyaqopha, iqopha eqophayo, eqopha iqopha ayiqophi engaqophi ingaqophi
class 10 ziyaqopha, ziqopha eziqophayo, eziqopha ziqopha aziqophi ezingaqophi zingaqophi
class 11 luyaqopha, luqopha oluqophayo, oluqopha luqopha aluqophi olungaqophi lungaqophi
class 14 buyaqopha, buqopha obuqophayo, obuqopha buqopha abuqophi obungaqophi bungaqophi
class 15 kuyaqopha, kuqopha okuqophayo, okuqopha kuqopha akuqophi okungaqophi kungaqophi
class 17 kuyaqopha, kuqopha okuqophayo, okuqopha kuqopha akuqophi okungaqophi kungaqophi
recent past
positive absolute positive relative positive participial negative absolute negative relative negative participial
1st singular ngiqophile, ngiqophē engiqophile, engiqophē ngiqophile, ngiqophē angiqophanga engingaqophanga ngingaqophanga
2nd singular uqophile, uqophē oqophile, oqophē uqophile, uqophē awuqophanga ongaqophanga ungaqophanga
1st plural siqophile, siqophē esiqophile, esiqophē siqophile, siqophē asiqophanga esingaqophanga singaqophanga
2nd plural niqophile, niqophē eniqophile, eniqophē niqophile, niqophē aniqophanga eningaqophanga ningaqophanga
class 1 uqophile, uqophē oqophile, oqophē eqophile, eqophē akaqophanga ongaqophanga engaqophanga
class 2 baqophile, baqophē abaqophile, abaqophē beqophile, beqophē abaqophanga abangaqophanga bengaqophanga
class 3 uqophile, uqophē oqophile, oqophē uqophile, uqophē awuqophanga ongaqophanga ungaqophanga
class 4 iqophile, iqophē eqophile, eqophē iqophile, iqophē ayiqophanga engaqophanga ingaqophanga
class 5 liqophile, liqophē eliqophile, eliqophē liqophile, liqophē aliqophanga elingaqophanga lingaqophanga
class 6 aqophile, aqophē aqophile, aqophē eqophile, eqophē awaqophanga angaqophanga engaqophanga
class 7 siqophile, siqophē esiqophile, esiqophē siqophile, siqophē asiqophanga esingaqophanga singaqophanga
class 8 ziqophile, ziqophē eziqophile, eziqophē ziqophile, ziqophē aziqophanga ezingaqophanga zingaqophanga
class 9 iqophile, iqophē eqophile, eqophē iqophile, iqophē ayiqophanga engaqophanga ingaqophanga
class 10 ziqophile, ziqophē eziqophile, eziqophē ziqophile, ziqophē aziqophanga ezingaqophanga zingaqophanga
class 11 luqophile, luqophē oluqophile, oluqophē luqophile, luqophē aluqophanga olungaqophanga lungaqophanga
class 14 buqophile, buqophē obuqophile, obuqophē buqophile, buqophē abuqophanga obungaqophanga bungaqophanga
class 15 kuqophile, kuqophē okuqophile, okuqophē kuqophile, kuqophē akuqophanga okungaqophanga kungaqophanga
class 17 kuqophile, kuqophē okuqophile, okuqophē kuqophile, kuqophē akuqophanga okungaqophanga kungaqophanga
remote past
positive absolute positive relative positive participial negative absolute negative relative negative participial
1st singular ngāqopha engāqopha ngāqopha angiqophanga engingaqophanga ngingaqophanga
2nd singular wāqopha owāqopha wāqopha awuqophanga ongaqophanga ungaqophanga
1st plural sāqopha esāqopha sāqopha asiqophanga esingaqophanga singaqophanga
2nd plural nāqopha enāqopha nāqopha aniqophanga eningaqophanga ningaqophanga
class 1 wāqopha owāqopha āqopha akaqophanga ongaqophanga engaqophanga
class 2 bāqopha abāqopha bāqopha abaqophanga abangaqophanga bengaqophanga
class 3 wāqopha owāqopha wāqopha awuqophanga ongaqophanga ungaqophanga
class 4 yāqopha eyāqopha yāqopha ayiqophanga engaqophanga ingaqophanga
class 5 lāqopha elāqopha lāqopha aliqophanga elingaqophanga lingaqophanga
class 6 āqopha āqopha āqopha awaqophanga angaqophanga engaqophanga
class 7 sāqopha esāqopha sāqopha asiqophanga esingaqophanga singaqophanga
class 8 zāqopha ezāqopha zāqopha aziqophanga ezingaqophanga zingaqophanga
class 9 yāqopha eyāqopha yāqopha ayiqophanga engaqophanga ingaqophanga
class 10 zāqopha ezāqopha zāqopha aziqophanga ezingaqophanga zingaqophanga
class 11 lwāqopha olwāqopha lwāqopha aluqophanga olungaqophanga lungaqophanga
class 14 bāqopha obāqopha bāqopha abuqophanga obungaqophanga bungaqophanga
class 15 kwāqopha okwāqopha kwāqopha akuqophanga okungaqophanga kungaqophanga
class 17 kwāqopha okwāqopha kwāqopha akuqophanga okungaqophanga kungaqophanga
potential
positive absolute positive relative positive participial negative absolute negative relative negative participial
1st singular ngingaqopha — ngingaqopha ngingeqophe — ngingeqophe
2nd singular ungaqopha — ungaqopha ungeqophe — ungeqophe
1st plural singaqopha — singaqopha singeqophe — singeqophe
2nd plural ningaqopha — ningaqopha ningeqophe — ningeqophe
class 1 angaqopha — engaqopha angeqophe — engeqophe
class 2 bangaqopha — bengaqopha bangeqophe — bengeqophe
class 3 ungaqopha — ungaqopha ungeqophe — ungeqophe
class 4 ingaqopha — ingaqopha ingeqophe — ingeqophe
class 5 lingaqopha — lingaqopha lingeqophe — lingeqophe
class 6 angaqopha — engaqopha angeqophe — engeqophe
class 7 singaqopha — singaqopha singeqophe — singeqophe
class 8 zingaqopha — zingaqopha zingeqophe — zingeqophe
class 9 ingaqopha — ingaqopha ingeqophe — ingeqophe
class 10 zingaqopha — zingaqopha zingeqophe — zingeqophe
class 11 lungaqopha — lungaqopha lungeqophe — lungeqophe
class 14 bungaqopha — bungaqopha bungeqophe — bungeqophe
class 15 kungaqopha — kungaqopha kungeqophe — kungeqophe
class 17 kungaqopha — kungaqopha kungeqophe — kungeqophe
immediate future
positive absolute positive relative positive participial negative absolute negative relative negative participial
1st singular ngizoqopha engizoqopha ngizoqopha angizuqopha engingezuqopha ngingezuqopha
2nd singular uzoqopha ozoqopha uzoqopha awuzuqopha ongezuqopha ungezuqopha
1st plural sizoqopha esizoqopha sizoqopha asizuqopha esingezuqopha singezuqopha
2nd plural nizoqopha enizoqopha nizoqopha anizuqopha eningezuqopha ningezuqopha
class 1 uzoqopha ozoqopha ezoqopha akazuqopha ongezuqopha engezuqopha
class 2 bazoqopha abazoqopha bezoqopha abazuqopha abangezuqopha bengezuqopha
class 3 uzoqopha ozoqopha uzoqopha awuzuqopha ongezuqopha ungezuqopha
class 4 izoqopha ezoqopha izoqopha ayizuqopha engezuqopha ingezuqopha
class 5 lizoqopha elizoqopha lizoqopha alizuqopha elingezuqopha lingezuqopha
class 6 azoqopha azoqopha ezoqopha awazuqopha angezuqopha engezuqopha
class 7 sizoqopha esizoqopha sizoqopha asizuqopha esingezuqopha singezuqopha
class 8 zizoqopha ezizoqopha zizoqopha azizuqopha ezingezuqopha zingezuqopha
class 9 izoqopha ezoqopha izoqopha ayizuqopha engezuqopha ingezuqopha
class 10 zizoqopha ezizoqopha zizoqopha azizuqopha ezingezuqopha zingezuqopha
class 11 luzoqopha oluzoqopha luzoqopha aluzuqopha olungezuqopha lungezuqopha
class 14 buzoqopha obuzoqopha buzoqopha abuzuqopha obungezuqopha bungezuqopha
class 15 kuzoqopha okuzoqopha kuzoqopha akuzuqopha okungezuqopha kungezuqopha
class 17 kuzoqopha okuzoqopha kuzoqopha akuzuqopha okungezuqopha kungezuqopha
remote future
positive absolute positive relative positive participial negative absolute negative relative negative participial
1st singular ngiyoqopha engiyoqopha ngiyoqopha angiyuqopha engingeyuqopha ngingeyuqopha
2nd singular uyoqopha oyoqopha uyoqopha awuyuqopha ongeyuqopha ungeyuqopha
1st plural siyoqopha esiyoqopha siyoqopha asiyuqopha esingeyuqopha singeyuqopha
2nd plural niyoqopha eniyoqopha niyoqopha aniyuqopha eningeyuqopha ningeyuqopha
class 1 uyoqopha oyoqopha eyoqopha akayuqopha ongeyuqopha engeyuqopha
class 2 bayoqopha abayoqopha beyoqopha abayuqopha abangeyuqopha bengeyuqopha
class 3 uyoqopha oyoqopha uyoqopha awuyuqopha ongeyuqopha ungeyuqopha
class 4 iyoqopha eyoqopha iyoqopha ayiyuqopha engeyuqopha ingeyuqopha
class 5 liyoqopha eliyoqopha liyoqopha aliyuqopha elingeyuqopha lingeyuqopha
class 6 ayoqopha ayoqopha eyoqopha awayuqopha angeyuqopha engeyuqopha
class 7 siyoqopha esiyoqopha siyoqopha asiyuqopha esingeyuqopha singeyuqopha
class 8 ziyoqopha eziyoqopha ziyoqopha aziyuqopha ezingeyuqopha zingeyuqopha
class 9 iyoqopha eyoqopha iyoqopha ayiyuqopha engeyuqopha ingeyuqopha
class 10 ziyoqopha eziyoqopha ziyoqopha aziyuqopha ezingeyuqopha zingeyuqopha
class 11 luyoqopha oluyoqopha luyoqopha aluyuqopha olungeyuqopha lungeyuqopha
class 14 buyoqopha obuyoqopha buyoqopha abuyuqopha obungeyuqopha bungeyuqopha
class 15 kuyoqopha okuyoqopha kuyoqopha akuyuqopha okungeyuqopha kungeyuqopha
class 17 kuyoqopha okuyoqopha kuyoqopha akuyuqopha okungeyuqopha kungeyuqopha
present subjunctive
positive negative
1st singular ngiqophe ngingaqophi
2nd singular uqophe ungaqophi
1st plural siqophe singaqophi
2nd plural niqophe ningaqophi
class 1 aqophe angaqophi
class 2 baqophe bangaqophi
class 3 uqophe ungaqophi
class 4 iqophe ingaqophi
class 5 liqophe lingaqophi
class 6 aqophe angaqophi
class 7 siqophe singaqophi
class 8 ziqophe zingaqophi
class 9 iqophe ingaqophi
class 10 ziqophe zingaqophi
class 11 luqophe lungaqophi
class 14 buqophe bungaqophi
class 15 kuqophe kungaqophi
class 17 kuqophe kungaqophi
past subjunctive
positive negative
1st singular ngaqopha ngangaqopha, angaqopha, angangaqopha
2nd singular waqopha wangaqopha, awaqopha, awangaqopha
1st plural saqopha sangaqopha, asaqopha, asangaqopha
2nd plural naqopha nangaqopha, anaqopha, anangaqopha
class 1 waqopha wangaqopha, akaqopha, akangaqopha
class 2 baqopha bangaqopha, abaqopha, abangaqopha
class 3 waqopha wangaqopha, awaqopha, awangaqopha
class 4 yaqopha yangaqopha, ayaqopha, ayangaqopha
class 5 laqopha langaqopha, alaqopha, alangaqopha
class 6 aqopha angaqopha, awaqopha, awangaqopha
class 7 saqopha sangaqopha, asaqopha, asangaqopha
class 8 zaqopha zangaqopha, azaqopha, azangaqopha
class 9 yaqopha yangaqopha, ayaqopha, ayangaqopha
class 10 zaqopha zangaqopha, azaqopha, azangaqopha
class 11 lwaqopha lwangaqopha, alwaqopha, alwangaqopha
class 14 baqopha bangaqopha, abaqopha, abangaqopha
class 15 kwaqopha kwangaqopha, akwaqopha, akwangaqopha
class 17 kwaqopha kwangaqopha, akwaqopha, akwangaqopha

References

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