réud

Old Irish

Etymology

Derived somehow from Proto-Celtic *ɸreswos, from Proto-Indo-European *prews-. Cognate with English freeze and Latin pruina (“hoar-frost”). Matasović posits an immediate preform *ɸreswotos to account for the Goidelic forms, but it would result in ^×refud instead as the usual reflex of intervocalic *-sw- in Old Irish is -f-. On the other hand, *ɸresw-tos > *ɸresutos is a viable pre-form.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [r͈ʲeːu̯ð]

Noun

réud m

frost

Inflection

Masculine o-stem
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	réud	réud^L	ríuid^L
vocative	ríuid	réud^L	réudu^H
accusative	réud^N	réud^L	réudu^H
genitive	ríuid^L	réud	réud^N
dative	réud^L	réudaib	réudaib

Initial mutations of a following adjective:

^H = triggers aspiration
^L = triggers lenition
^N = triggers nasalization

Descendants

Middle Irish: reód
- Irish: reo
- Manx: rio
- Scottish Gaelic: reòth

Mutation

Mutation of *réud*
radical	lenition	nasalization
réud also rréud in h-prothesis environments	réud pronounced with /ɾʲ-/	réud also rréud

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “reód”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language