raffermir
French
Etymology
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ʁa.fɛʁ.miʁ/
Audio: (file) - Rhymes: -iʁ
Verb
raffermir
- (transitive) to strengthen
Conjugation
This is a regular verb of the second conjugation, like finir, choisir, and most other verbs with infinitives ending in -ir. One salient feature of this conjugation is the repeated appearance of the infix -iss-.
Conjugation of raffermir (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| infinitive | simple | raffermir | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | raffermissant /ʁa.fɛʁ.mi.sɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | raffermi /ʁa.fɛʁ.mi/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | raffermis /ʁa.fɛʁ.mi/ |
raffermis /ʁa.fɛʁ.mi/ |
raffermit /ʁa.fɛʁ.mi/ |
raffermissons /ʁa.fɛʁ.mi.sɔ̃/ |
raffermissez /ʁa.fɛʁ.mi.se/ |
raffermissent /ʁa.fɛʁ.mis/ |
| imperfect | raffermissais /ʁa.fɛʁ.mi.sɛ/ |
raffermissais /ʁa.fɛʁ.mi.sɛ/ |
raffermissait /ʁa.fɛʁ.mi.sɛ/ |
raffermissions /ʁa.fɛʁ.mi.sjɔ̃/ |
raffermissiez /ʁa.fɛʁ.mi.sje/ |
raffermissaient /ʁa.fɛʁ.mi.sɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | raffermis /ʁa.fɛʁ.mi/ |
raffermis /ʁa.fɛʁ.mi/ |
raffermit /ʁa.fɛʁ.mi/ |
raffermîmes /ʁa.fɛʁ.mim/ |
raffermîtes /ʁa.fɛʁ.mit/ |
raffermirent /ʁa.fɛʁ.miʁ/ | |
| future | raffermirai /ʁa.fɛʁ.mi.ʁe/ |
raffermiras /ʁa.fɛʁ.mi.ʁa/ |
raffermira /ʁa.fɛʁ.mi.ʁa/ |
raffermirons /ʁa.fɛʁ.mi.ʁɔ̃/ |
raffermirez /ʁa.fɛʁ.mi.ʁe/ |
raffermiront /ʁa.fɛʁ.mi.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | raffermirais /ʁa.fɛʁ.mi.ʁɛ/ |
raffermirais /ʁa.fɛʁ.mi.ʁɛ/ |
raffermirait /ʁa.fɛʁ.mi.ʁɛ/ |
raffermirions /ʁa.fɛʁ.mi.ʁjɔ̃/ |
raffermiriez /ʁa.fɛʁ.mi.ʁje/ |
raffermiraient /ʁa.fɛʁ.mi.ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | raffermisse /ʁa.fɛʁ.mis/ |
raffermisses /ʁa.fɛʁ.mis/ |
raffermisse /ʁa.fɛʁ.mis/ |
raffermissions /ʁa.fɛʁ.mi.sjɔ̃/ |
raffermissiez /ʁa.fɛʁ.mi.sje/ |
raffermissent /ʁa.fɛʁ.mis/ |
| imperfect2 | raffermisse /ʁa.fɛʁ.mis/ |
raffermisses /ʁa.fɛʁ.mis/ |
raffermît /ʁa.fɛʁ.mi/ |
raffermissions /ʁa.fɛʁ.mi.sjɔ̃/ |
raffermissiez /ʁa.fɛʁ.mi.sje/ |
raffermissent /ʁa.fɛʁ.mis/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | raffermis /ʁa.fɛʁ.mi/ |
— | raffermissons /ʁa.fɛʁ.mi.sɔ̃/ |
raffermissez /ʁa.fɛʁ.mi.se/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Further reading
- “raffermir”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.