rhyddfreinio
Welsh
Etymology
From rhyddfraint (“freedom, franchise, privilege”) + -io (verb-forming suffix) or rhydd (“free”) + breinio (“to grant, to privilege”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /r̥əðˈvrei̯njɔ/
Verb
rhyddfreinio (first-person singular present rhyddfreiniaf)
- to enfranchise (to grant a privilege or right)
- to emancipate, to manumit
Conjugation
Conjugation (literary)
| singular | plural | impersonal | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | |||
| present indicative/future | rhyddfreiniaf | rhyddfreini | rhyddfreinia | rhyddfreiniwn | rhyddfreiniwch | rhyddfreiniant | rhyddfreinir | |
| imperfect (indicative/subjunctive)/conditional | rhyddfreiniwn | rhyddfreinit | rhyddfreiniai | rhyddfreiniem | rhyddfreiniech | rhyddfreinient | rhyddfreinid | |
| preterite | rhyddfreiniais | rhyddfreiniaist | rhyddfreiniodd | rhyddfreiniasom | rhyddfreiniasoch | rhyddfreiniasant | rhyddfreiniwyd | |
| pluperfect | rhyddfreiniaswn | rhyddfreiniasit | rhyddfreiniasai | rhyddfreiniasem | rhyddfreiniasech | rhyddfreiniasent | rhyddfreiniasid, rhyddfreiniesid | |
| present subjunctive | rhyddfreiniwyf | rhyddfreiniech | rhyddfreinio | rhyddfreiniom | rhyddfreinioch | rhyddfreiniont | rhyddfreinier | |
| imperative | — | rhyddfreinia | rhyddfreinied | rhyddfreiniwn | rhyddfreiniwch | rhyddfreinient | rhyddfreinier | |
| verbal noun | ||||||||
| verbal adjectives | rhyddfreiniedig rhyddfreiniadwy | |||||||
| inflected colloquial forms |
singular | plural | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | |
| future | rhyddfreinia i, rhyddfreiniaf i |
rhyddfreini di | rhyddfreinith o/e/hi, rhyddfreiniff e/hi |
rhyddfreiniwn ni | rhyddfreiniwch chi | rhyddfreinian nhw |
| conditional | rhyddfreiniwn i, rhyddfreinswn i |
rhyddfreiniet ti, rhyddfreinset ti |
rhyddfreiniai fo/fe/hi, rhyddfreinsai fo/fe/hi |
rhyddfreinien ni, rhyddfreinsen ni |
rhyddfreiniech chi, rhyddfreinsech chi |
rhyddfreinien nhw, rhyddfreinsen nhw |
| preterite | rhyddfreiniais i, rhyddfreinies i |
rhyddfreiniaist ti, rhyddfreiniest ti |
rhyddfreiniodd o/e/hi | rhyddfreinion ni | rhyddfreinioch chi | rhyddfreinion nhw |
| imperative | — | rhyddfreinia | — | — | rhyddfreiniwch | — |
Note: All other forms are periphrastic, as usual in colloquial Welsh.
Derived terms
- rhyddfreiniad (“enfranchisement; emancipation”)
Related terms
- rhyddfreiniwr (“freeman”)
Mutation
| radical | soft | nasal | aspirate |
|---|---|---|---|
| rhyddfreinio | ryddfreinio | unchanged | unchanged |
Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.
Further reading
- R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “rhyddfreinio”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies