Finnish
Etymology
From Proto-Finnic *rooka, borrowed from Proto-Germanic *rōkā ("care, attention", later *rōkō). Cognates include Estonian roog, Votic rookõ, Ludian ruog. Compare ruokkia.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈruo̯kɑ/, [ˈruo̞̯kɑ̝]
- Rhymes: -uokɑ
- Syllabification(key): ruo‧ka
- Hyphenation(key): ruo‧ka
- The ruoa- in inflected forms is generally pronounced as if it were ruua-.
Noun
ruoka
- food (any substance consumed by living organisms to sustain life)
- Synonym: ravinto
- Near-synonym: elintarvike
Me tarvitsemme ruokaa, emme aseita.- We need food, not weapons.
- meal (food that is prepared and eaten)
- Synonyms: ateria, ruoka-ateria
- dish (specific type of prepared food)
- Synonym: ruokalaji
Usage notes
- Both of the two ways of inflecting ruoka presented below are regarded as equally acceptable by Kotus, an authority in Finnish language. In practice, the former declension is more common in written language while the latter is more common in spoken language. The pronunciation almost always matches the latter one, however.
Declension
| first-person singular possessor
|
|
|
singular
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
ruokani
|
ruokani
|
| accusative
|
nom.
|
ruokani
|
ruokani
|
| gen.
|
ruokani
|
| genitive
|
ruokani
|
ruokieni
ruokaini rare
|
| partitive
|
ruokaani
|
ruokiani
|
| inessive
|
ruoassani
|
ruoissani
|
| elative
|
ruoastani
|
ruoistani
|
| illative
|
ruokaani
|
ruokiini
|
| adessive
|
ruoallani
|
ruoillani
|
| ablative
|
ruoaltani
|
ruoiltani
|
| allative
|
ruoalleni
|
ruoilleni
|
| essive
|
ruokanani
|
ruokinani
|
| translative
|
ruoakseni
|
ruoikseni
|
| abessive
|
ruoattani
|
ruoittani
|
| instructive
|
—
|
—
|
| comitative
|
— |
ruokineni
|
| second-person singular possessor
|
|
|
singular
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
ruokasi
|
ruokasi
|
| accusative
|
nom.
|
ruokasi
|
ruokasi
|
| gen.
|
ruokasi
|
| genitive
|
ruokasi
|
ruokiesi
ruokaisi rare
|
| partitive
|
ruokaasi
|
ruokiasi
|
| inessive
|
ruoassasi
|
ruoissasi
|
| elative
|
ruoastasi
|
ruoistasi
|
| illative
|
ruokaasi
|
ruokiisi
|
| adessive
|
ruoallasi
|
ruoillasi
|
| ablative
|
ruoaltasi
|
ruoiltasi
|
| allative
|
ruoallesi
|
ruoillesi
|
| essive
|
ruokanasi
|
ruokinasi
|
| translative
|
ruoaksesi
|
ruoiksesi
|
| abessive
|
ruoattasi
|
ruoittasi
|
| instructive
|
—
|
—
|
| comitative
|
— |
ruokinesi
|
| first-person plural possessor
|
|
|
singular
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
ruokamme
|
ruokamme
|
| accusative
|
nom.
|
ruokamme
|
ruokamme
|
| gen.
|
ruokamme
|
| genitive
|
ruokamme
|
ruokiemme
ruokaimme rare
|
| partitive
|
ruokaamme
|
ruokiamme
|
| inessive
|
ruoassamme
|
ruoissamme
|
| elative
|
ruoastamme
|
ruoistamme
|
| illative
|
ruokaamme
|
ruokiimme
|
| adessive
|
ruoallamme
|
ruoillamme
|
| ablative
|
ruoaltamme
|
ruoiltamme
|
| allative
|
ruoallemme
|
ruoillemme
|
| essive
|
ruokanamme
|
ruokinamme
|
| translative
|
ruoaksemme
|
ruoiksemme
|
| abessive
|
ruoattamme
|
ruoittamme
|
| instructive
|
—
|
—
|
| comitative
|
— |
ruokinemme
|
| second-person plural possessor
|
|
|
singular
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
ruokanne
|
ruokanne
|
| accusative
|
nom.
|
ruokanne
|
ruokanne
|
| gen.
|
ruokanne
|
| genitive
|
ruokanne
|
ruokienne
ruokainne rare
|
| partitive
|
ruokaanne
|
ruokianne
|
| inessive
|
ruoassanne
|
ruoissanne
|
| elative
|
ruoastanne
|
ruoistanne
|
| illative
|
ruokaanne
|
ruokiinne
|
| adessive
|
ruoallanne
|
ruoillanne
|
| ablative
|
ruoaltanne
|
ruoiltanne
|
| allative
|
ruoallenne
|
ruoillenne
|
| essive
|
ruokananne
|
ruokinanne
|
| translative
|
ruoaksenne
|
ruoiksenne
|
| abessive
|
ruoattanne
|
ruoittanne
|
| instructive
|
—
|
—
|
| comitative
|
— |
ruokinenne
|
| third-person possessor
|
|
|
singular
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
ruokansa
|
ruokansa
|
| accusative
|
nom.
|
ruokansa
|
ruokansa
|
| gen.
|
ruokansa
|
| genitive
|
ruokansa
|
ruokiensa
ruokainsa rare
|
| partitive
|
ruokaansa
|
ruokiaan
ruokiansa
|
| inessive
|
ruoassaan
ruoassansa
|
ruoissaan
ruoissansa
|
| elative
|
ruoastaan
ruoastansa
|
ruoistaan
ruoistansa
|
| illative
|
ruokaansa
|
ruokiinsa
|
| adessive
|
ruoallaan
ruoallansa
|
ruoillaan
ruoillansa
|
| ablative
|
ruoaltaan
ruoaltansa
|
ruoiltaan
ruoiltansa
|
| allative
|
ruoalleen
ruoallensa
|
ruoilleen
ruoillensa
|
| essive
|
ruokanaan
ruokanansa
|
ruokinaan
ruokinansa
|
| translative
|
ruoakseen
ruoaksensa
|
ruoikseen
ruoiksensa
|
| abessive
|
ruoattaan
ruoattansa
|
ruoittaan
ruoittansa
|
| instructive
|
—
|
—
|
| comitative
|
— |
ruokineen
ruokinensa
|
|
| Inflection of ruoka (Kotus type 10*/koira, ok-u gradation)
|
| nominative
|
ruoka
|
ruuat
|
| genitive
|
ruuan
|
ruokien
|
| partitive
|
ruokaa
|
ruokia
|
| illative
|
ruokaan
|
ruokiin
|
|
|
singular
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
ruoka
|
ruuat
|
| accusative
|
nom.
|
ruoka
|
ruuat
|
| gen.
|
ruuan
|
| genitive
|
ruuan
|
ruokien
ruokain rare
|
| partitive
|
ruokaa
|
ruokia
|
| inessive
|
ruuassa
|
ruuissa
|
| elative
|
ruuasta
|
ruuista
|
| illative
|
ruokaan
|
ruokiin
|
| adessive
|
ruualla
|
ruuilla
|
| ablative
|
ruualta
|
ruuilta
|
| allative
|
ruualle
|
ruuille
|
| essive
|
ruokana
|
ruokina
|
| translative
|
ruuaksi
|
ruuiksi
|
| abessive
|
ruuatta
|
ruuitta
|
| instructive
|
—
|
ruuin
|
| comitative
|
See the possessive forms below.
|
| first-person singular possessor
|
|
|
singular
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
ruokani
|
ruokani
|
| accusative
|
nom.
|
ruokani
|
ruokani
|
| gen.
|
ruokani
|
| genitive
|
ruokani
|
ruokieni
ruokaini rare
|
| partitive
|
ruokaani
|
ruokiani
|
| inessive
|
ruuassani
|
ruuissani
|
| elative
|
ruuastani
|
ruuistani
|
| illative
|
ruokaani
|
ruokiini
|
| adessive
|
ruuallani
|
ruuillani
|
| ablative
|
ruualtani
|
ruuiltani
|
| allative
|
ruualleni
|
ruuilleni
|
| essive
|
ruokanani
|
ruokinani
|
| translative
|
ruuakseni
|
ruuikseni
|
| abessive
|
ruuattani
|
ruuittani
|
| instructive
|
—
|
—
|
| comitative
|
— |
ruokineni
|
| second-person singular possessor
|
|
|
singular
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
ruokasi
|
ruokasi
|
| accusative
|
nom.
|
ruokasi
|
ruokasi
|
| gen.
|
ruokasi
|
| genitive
|
ruokasi
|
ruokiesi
ruokaisi rare
|
| partitive
|
ruokaasi
|
ruokiasi
|
| inessive
|
ruuassasi
|
ruuissasi
|
| elative
|
ruuastasi
|
ruuistasi
|
| illative
|
ruokaasi
|
ruokiisi
|
| adessive
|
ruuallasi
|
ruuillasi
|
| ablative
|
ruualtasi
|
ruuiltasi
|
| allative
|
ruuallesi
|
ruuillesi
|
| essive
|
ruokanasi
|
ruokinasi
|
| translative
|
ruuaksesi
|
ruuiksesi
|
| abessive
|
ruuattasi
|
ruuittasi
|
| instructive
|
—
|
—
|
| comitative
|
— |
ruokinesi
|
| first-person plural possessor
|
|
|
singular
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
ruokamme
|
ruokamme
|
| accusative
|
nom.
|
ruokamme
|
ruokamme
|
| gen.
|
ruokamme
|
| genitive
|
ruokamme
|
ruokiemme
ruokaimme rare
|
| partitive
|
ruokaamme
|
ruokiamme
|
| inessive
|
ruuassamme
|
ruuissamme
|
| elative
|
ruuastamme
|
ruuistamme
|
| illative
|
ruokaamme
|
ruokiimme
|
| adessive
|
ruuallamme
|
ruuillamme
|
| ablative
|
ruualtamme
|
ruuiltamme
|
| allative
|
ruuallemme
|
ruuillemme
|
| essive
|
ruokanamme
|
ruokinamme
|
| translative
|
ruuaksemme
|
ruuiksemme
|
| abessive
|
ruuattamme
|
ruuittamme
|
| instructive
|
—
|
—
|
| comitative
|
— |
ruokinemme
|
| second-person plural possessor
|
|
|
singular
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
ruokanne
|
ruokanne
|
| accusative
|
nom.
|
ruokanne
|
ruokanne
|
| gen.
|
ruokanne
|
| genitive
|
ruokanne
|
ruokienne
ruokainne rare
|
| partitive
|
ruokaanne
|
ruokianne
|
| inessive
|
ruuassanne
|
ruuissanne
|
| elative
|
ruuastanne
|
ruuistanne
|
| illative
|
ruokaanne
|
ruokiinne
|
| adessive
|
ruuallanne
|
ruuillanne
|
| ablative
|
ruualtanne
|
ruuiltanne
|
| allative
|
ruuallenne
|
ruuillenne
|
| essive
|
ruokananne
|
ruokinanne
|
| translative
|
ruuaksenne
|
ruuiksenne
|
| abessive
|
ruuattanne
|
ruuittanne
|
| instructive
|
—
|
—
|
| comitative
|
— |
ruokinenne
|
| third-person possessor
|
|
|
singular
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
ruokansa
|
ruokansa
|
| accusative
|
nom.
|
ruokansa
|
ruokansa
|
| gen.
|
ruokansa
|
| genitive
|
ruokansa
|
ruokiensa
ruokainsa rare
|
| partitive
|
ruokaansa
|
ruokiaan
ruokiansa
|
| inessive
|
ruuassaan
ruuassansa
|
ruuissaan
ruuissansa
|
| elative
|
ruuastaan
ruuastansa
|
ruuistaan
ruuistansa
|
| illative
|
ruokaansa
|
ruokiinsa
|
| adessive
|
ruuallaan
ruuallansa
|
ruuillaan
ruuillansa
|
| ablative
|
ruualtaan
ruualtansa
|
ruuiltaan
ruuiltansa
|
| allative
|
ruualleen
ruuallensa
|
ruuilleen
ruuillensa
|
| essive
|
ruokanaan
ruokanansa
|
ruokinaan
ruokinansa
|
| translative
|
ruuakseen
ruuaksensa
|
ruuikseen
ruuiksensa
|
| abessive
|
ruuattaan
ruuattansa
|
ruuittaan
ruuittansa
|
| instructive
|
—
|
—
|
| comitative
|
— |
ruokineen
ruokinensa
|
|
Derived terms
See also
References
- Häkkinen, Kaisa (2004) Nykysuomen etymologinen sanakirja [Modern Finnish Etymological Dictionary] (in Finnish), Juva: WSOY, →ISBN
Further reading
Anagrams